Copleyjeva medalja
(Preusmerjeno s strani Copleyeva medalja)
Copleyjeva medalja je znanstvena nagrada za dosežke na kateremkoli področju znanosti in je najuglednejša nagrada, ki jo podeljuje Kraljeva družba iz Londona. Je hkrati tudi najstarejša nagrada Družbe, saj so prvo nagrado podelili leta 1731.
Nagrado so ustanovili na podlagi zapuščine stotih funtov iz leta 1709 Kraljevi družbi sira Godfreyja Copleyja, bogatega posestnika iz Sprotbrougha pri Doncastru, Južni Yorkshire, ki so ga leta 1691 izbrali za člana Družbe.
Copleyjeva medalja je ena od desetih medalj, ki jih Kraljeva družba podeljuje. Nekatere podeljujejo letno, nekatere pa v različnih presledkih, odvisno od okoliščin. Copleyjeva medalja se izmenjuje med fizikalnimi znanostmi in biološkimi znanostmi, nagrajenca ali nagrajence pa izberejo redni člani Kraljeve družbe.
John Canton, Michael Faraday, Stephen Gray in John Frederick William Herschel so prejeli nagrado dvakrat, John Theophilus Desaguliers pa trikrat.
Prejemniki
urediDosedanji nagrajenci so:
1730
uredi
- 1731 Stephen Gray
- 1732 Stephen Gray
- 1733 ni bila podeljena
- 1734 John Theophilus Desaguliers
- 1735 ni bila podeljena
- 1736 John Theophilus Desaguliers
- 1737 John Belchier
- 1738 James Valoue
- 1739 Stephen Hales
- 1740 Alexander Stuart
- 1741 John Theophilus Desaguliers
- 1742 Christopher Middleton
- 1743 Abraham Trembley
- 1744 Henry Baker
- 1745 William Watson
- 1746 Benjamin Robins
- 1747 Gowin Knight
- 1748 James Bradley
- 1749 John Harrison
1750
uredi- 1750 George Edwards
- 1751 John Canton
- 1752 John Pringle
- 1753 Benjamin Franklin
- 1754 William Lewis
- 1755 John Huxham
- 1756 ni bila podeljena
- 1757 Charles Cavendish
- 1758 John Dollond
- 1759 John Smeaton
- 1760 Benjamin Wilson
- 1761 ni bila podeljena
- 1762 ni bila podeljena
- 1763 ni bila podeljena
- 1764 John Canton
- 1765 ni bila podeljena
- 1766 William Brownrigg, Edward Hussey Delaval, Henry Cavendish
- 1767 John Ellis
- 1768 Peter Woulfe
- 1769 William Hewson
- 1770 William Hamilton
- 1771 Matthew Raper
- 1772 Joseph Priestley
- 1773 John Walsh
- 1774 ni bila podeljena
- 1775 Nevil Maskelyne
- 1776 James Cook
- 1777 John Mudge
- 1778 Charles Hutton
- 1779 ni bila podeljena
- 1780 Samuel Vince
- 1781 William Herschel
- 1782 Richard Kirwan
- 1783 John Goodricke, Thomas Hutchins
- 1784 Edward Waring
- 1785 William Roy
- 1786 ni bila podeljena
- 1787 John Hunter
- 1788 Charles Blagden
- 1789 William Morgan
- 1790 ni bila podeljena
- 1791 James Rennell, Jean-André Deluc
- 1792 Benjamin Thompson
- 1793 ni bila podeljena
- 1794 Alessandro Volta
- 1795 Jesse Ramsden
- 1796 George Atwood
- 1797 ni bila podeljena
- 1798 George Shuckburgh-Evelyn, Charles Hatchett
- 1799 John Hellins
1800
uredi- 1800 Edward Charles Howard
- 1801 Astley Paston Cooper
- 1802 William Hyde Wollaston
- 1803 Richard Chenevix
- 1804 Smithson Tennant
- 1805 Humphry Davy
- 1806 Thomas Andrew Knight
- 1807 Everard Home
- 1808 William Henry
- 1809 Edward Troughton
- 1810 ni bila podeljena
- 1811 Benjamin Collins Brodie
- 1812 ni bila podeljena
- 1813 William Thomas Brande
- 1814 James Ivory
- 1815 David Brewster
- 1816 ni bila podeljena
- 1817 Henry Kater
- 1818 Robert Seppings
- 1819 ni bila podeljena
- 1820 Hans Christian Ørsted
- 1821 Edward Sabine, John Frederick William Herschel
- 1822 William Buckland
- 1823 John Pond
- 1824 John Mortimer Brinkley
- 1825 François Jean Dominique Arago, Peter Barlow
- 1826 James South
- 1827 William Prout, Henry Foster
- 1828 ni bila podeljena
- 1829 ni bila podeljena
- 1830 ni bila podeljena
- 1831 George Biddell Airy
- 1832 Michael Faraday, Siméon-Denis Poisson
- 1833 ni bila podeljena
- 1834 Giovanni Plana
- 1835 William Snow Harris
- 1836 Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Francis Kiernan
- 1837 Antoine César Becquerel, John Frederic Daniell
- 1838 Carl Friedrich Gauss, Michael Faraday
- 1839 Robert Brown
- 1840 Justus von Liebig, Jacques Charles François Sturm
- 1841 Georg Simon Ohm
- 1842 James MacCullagh
- 1843 Jean Baptiste Dumas
- 1844 Carlo Matteucci
- 1845 Theodor Schwann
- 1846 Urbain-Jean Joseph Le Verrier
- 1847 John Frederick William Herschel
- 1848 John Couch Adams
- 1849 Roderick Murchison
1850
uredi- 1850 Peter Andreas Hansen
- 1851 Richard Owen
- 1852 Friedrich Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt
- 1853 Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
- 1854 Johannes Peter Müller
- 1855 Jean Bernard Léon Foucault
- 1856 Henri Milne-Edwards
- 1857 Michel-Eugène Chevreul
- 1858 Charles Lyell
- 1859 Wilhelm Eduard Weber
- 1860 Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
- 1861 Louis Agassiz
- 1862 Thomas Graham
- 1863 Adam Sedgwick
- 1864 Charles Darwin
- 1865 Michel Chasles
- 1866 Julius Plücker
- 1867 Karl Ernst von Baer
- 1868 Charles Wheatstone
- 1869 Henri Victor Regnault
- 1870 James Prescott Joule
- 1871 Julius Robert von Mayer
- 1872 Friedrich Wöhler
- 1873 Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz
- 1874 Louis Pasteur
- 1875 August Wilhelm von Hofmann
- 1876 Claude Bernard
- 1877 James Dwight Dana
- 1878 Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
- 1879 Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius
- 1880 James Joseph Sylvester
- 1881 Charles Adolphe Wurtz
- 1882 Arthur Cayley
- 1883 William Thomson (lord Kelvin)
- 1884 Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig
- 1885 Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz
- 1886 Franz Ernst Neumann
- 1887 Joseph Dalton Hooker
- 1888 Thomas Henry Huxley
- 1889 George Salmon
- 1890 Simon Newcomb
- 1891 Stanislao Cannizzaro
- 1892 Rudolf Virchow
- 1893 George Gabriel Stokes
- 1894 Edward Frankland
- 1895 Karl Weierstrass
- 1896 Karl Gegenbaur
- 1897 Albert von Kolliker
- 1898 William Huggins
- 1899 John William Strutt (lord Rayleigh)
1900
uredi- 1900 Marcellin Berthelot
- 1901 Josiah Willard Gibbs
- 1902 Joseph Lister
- 1903 Eduard Suess
- 1904 William Crookes
- 1905 Dimitrij Ivanovič Mendelejev
- 1906 Ilja Iljič Mečnikov
- 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson
- 1908 Alfred Russel Wallace
- 1909 George William Hill
- 1910 Francis Galton
- 1911 George Howard Darwin
- 1912 Felix Christian Klein
- 1913 Ray Lankester
- 1914 Joseph John Thomson
- 1915 Ivan Petrovič Pavlov
- 1916 James Dewar
- 1917 Pierre Paul Émile Roux
- 1918 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz
- 1919 William Bayliss
- 1920 Horace Tabberer Brown
- 1921 Joseph Larmor
- 1922 Ernest Rutherford
- 1923 Horace Lamb
- 1924 Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
- 1925 Albert Einstein
- 1926 Frederick Gowland Hopkins
- 1927 Charles Scott Sherrington
- 1928 Charles Algernon Parsons
- 1929 Max Planck
- 1930 William Henry Bragg
- 1931 Arthur Schuster
- 1932 George Ellery Hale
- 1933 Theobald Smith
- 1934 John Scott Haldane
- 1935 Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
- 1936 Arthur Evans
- 1937 Henry Hallett Dale
- 1938 Niels Henrik David Bohr
- 1939 Thomas Hunt Morgan
- 1940 Paul Langevin
- 1941 Thomas Lewis
- 1942 Robert Robinson
- 1943 Joseph Barcroft
- 1944 Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
- 1945 Oswald Theodore Avery
- 1946 Edgar Douglas Adrian
- 1947 Godfrey Harold Hardy
- 1948 Archibald Vivian Hill
- 1949 George Charles de Hevesy
1950
uredi- 1950 James Chadwick
- 1951 David Keilin
- 1952 Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
- 1953 Albert Kluyver
- 1954 Edmund Whittaker
- 1955 Ronald Aylmer Fisher
- 1956 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
- 1957 Howard Walter Florey
- 1958 John Edensor Littlewood
- 1959 Frank Macfarlane Burnet
- 1960 Harold Jeffreys
- 1961 Hans Krebs
- 1962 Cyril Hinshelwood
- 1963 Paul Fildes
- 1964 Sydney Chapman
- 1965 Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
- 1966 William Lawrence Bragg
- 1967 Bernard Katz
- 1968 Tadeus Reichstein
- 1969 Peter Medawar
- 1970 Alexander Robertus Todd
- 1971 Norman Pirie
- 1972 Nevill Francis Mott
- 1973 Andrew Huxley
- 1974 William Vallance Douglas Hodge
- 1975 Francis Crick
- 1976 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
- 1977 Frederick Sanger
- 1978 Robert Burns Woodward
- 1979 Max Ferdinand Perutz
- 1980 Derek Harold Richard Barton
- 1981 Peter Dennis Mitchell
- 1982 John Cornforth
- 1983 Rodney Porter
- 1984 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
- 1985 Aaron Klug
- 1986 Rudolf Ernst Peierls
- 1987 Robin Hill
- 1988 Michael Francis Atiyah
- 1989 César Milstein
- 1990 Abdus Salam
- 1991 Sydney Brenner
- 1992 George Porter
- 1993 James Dewey Watson
- 1994 Charles Frank
- 1995 Frank Fenner
- 1996 Alan Cottrell
- 1997 Hugh Esmor Huxley
- 1998 Michael James Lighthill
- 1999 John Maynard Smith
2000
uredi- 2000 Alan Rushton Battersby
- 2001 Jacques Miller
- 2002 John Anthony Pople
- 2003 John Bertrand Gurdon
- 2004 Harold Walter Kroto
- 2005 Paul Maxime Nurse
- 2006 Stephen Hawking
- 2007 Robert McCredie May
- 2008 Roger Penrose
- 2009 Martin Evans
- 2010 David Cox, Tomas Lindahl
- 2011 Dan Peter McKenzie
- 2012 John Ernest Walker
- 2013 Andre Geim
- 2014 Alec Jeffreys
- 2015 Peter Ware Higgs
- 2016 Richard Henderson
- 2017 Andrew John Wiles
- 2018 Jeffrey Ivan Gordon
- 2019 John Bannister Goodenough
- 2020 Alan Fersht
- 2021 Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Zunanje povezave
uredi
Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: Prejemniki Copleyeve medalje
- O medalji na spletnih straneh Kraljeve družbe (angleško)