Nedoločeni integrali
uredi
Nedoločeni integrali so primitivne funkcije . Aditivno konstanto lahko dodamo na desni strani vsakega izmed obrazcev, tukaj so te konstante izpuščene zaradi enostavnosti.
∫ e x d x = e x {\displaystyle \int e^{x}\;\mathrm {d} x=e^{x}} ∫ e c x d x = 1 c e c x {\displaystyle \int e^{cx}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{c}}e^{cx}} ∫ a c x d x = 1 c ⋅ ln a a c x {\displaystyle \int a^{cx}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{c\cdot \ln a}}a^{cx}} a > 0 , a ≠ 1 {\displaystyle a>0,\ a\neq 1} ∫ x e c x d x = e c x c 2 ( c x − 1 ) {\displaystyle \int xe^{cx}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}}}(cx-1)} ∫ x 2 e c x d x = e c x ( x 2 c − 2 x c 2 + 2 c 3 ) {\displaystyle \int x^{2}e^{cx}\;\mathrm {d} x=e^{cx}\left({\frac {x^{2}}{c}}-{\frac {2x}{c^{2}}}+{\frac {2}{c^{3}}}\right)} ∫ x n e c x d x = 1 c x n e c x − n c ∫ x n − 1 e c x d x = ( ∂ ∂ c ) n e c x c {\displaystyle \int x^{n}e^{cx}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{c}}x^{n}e^{cx}-{\frac {n}{c}}\int x^{n-1}e^{cx}\mathrm {d} x=\left({\frac {\partial }{\partial c}}\right)^{n}{\frac {e^{cx}}{c}}} ∫ e c x x d x = ln | x | + ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( c x ) n n ⋅ n ! {\displaystyle \int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x}}\;\mathrm {d} x=\ln |x|+\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(cx)^{n}}{n\cdot n!}}} ∫ e c x x n d x = 1 n − 1 ( − e c x x n − 1 + c ∫ e c x x n − 1 d x ) (za n ≠ 1 ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n}}}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{n-1}}\left(-{\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n-1}}}+c\int {\frac {e^{cx}}{x^{n-1}}}\,\mathrm {d} x\right)\qquad {\mbox{(za }}n\neq 1{\mbox{)}}} ∫ e c x ln x d x = 1 c e c x ln | x | − Ei ( c x ) {\displaystyle \int e^{cx}\ln x\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{c}}e^{cx}\ln |x|-\operatorname {Ei} \,(cx)} ∫ e c x sin b x d x = e c x c 2 + b 2 ( c sin b x − b cos b x ) {\displaystyle \int e^{cx}\sin bx\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}+b^{2}}}(c\sin bx-b\cos bx)} ∫ e c x cos b x d x = e c x c 2 + b 2 ( c cos b x + b sin b x ) {\displaystyle \int e^{cx}\cos bx\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {e^{cx}}{c^{2}+b^{2}}}(c\cos bx+b\sin bx)} ∫ e c x sin n x d x = e c x sin n − 1 x c 2 + n 2 ( c sin x − n cos x ) + n ( n − 1 ) c 2 + n 2 ∫ e c x sin n − 2 x d x {\displaystyle \int e^{cx}\sin ^{n}x\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {e^{cx}\sin ^{n-1}x}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}(c\sin x-n\cos x)+{\frac {n(n-1)}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}\int e^{cx}\sin ^{n-2}x\;\mathrm {d} x} ∫ e c x cos n x d x = e c x cos n − 1 x c 2 + n 2 ( c cos x + n sin x ) + n ( n − 1 ) c 2 + n 2 ∫ e c x cos n − 2 x d x {\displaystyle \int e^{cx}\cos ^{n}x\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {e^{cx}\cos ^{n-1}x}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}(c\cos x+n\sin x)+{\frac {n(n-1)}{c^{2}+n^{2}}}\int e^{cx}\cos ^{n-2}x\;\mathrm {d} x} ∫ x e c x 2 d x = 1 2 c e c x 2 {\displaystyle \int xe^{cx^{2}}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{2c}}\;e^{cx^{2}}} ∫ e − c x 2 d x = π 4 c erf ( c x ) {\displaystyle \int e^{-cx^{2}}\;\mathrm {d} x={\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{4c}}}\operatorname {erf} ({\sqrt {c}}x)} ∫ x e − c x 2 d x = − 1 2 c e − c x 2 {\displaystyle \int xe^{-cx^{2}}\;\mathrm {d} x=-{\frac {1}{2c}}e^{-cx^{2}}} ∫ 1 σ 2 π e − ( x − μ ) 2 / 2 σ 2 d x = − 1 2 ( erf − x + μ σ 2 ) {\displaystyle \int {1 \over \sigma {\sqrt {2\pi }}}\,e^{-{(x-\mu )^{2}/2\sigma ^{2}}}\;\mathrm {d} x=-{\frac {1}{2}}\left(\operatorname {erf} \,{\frac {-x+\mu }{\sigma {\sqrt {2}}}}\right)\ \ \ } funkcija napake )∫ e x 2 d x = e x 2 ( ∑ j = 0 n − 1 c 2 j 1 x 2 j + 1 ) + ( 2 n − 1 ) c 2 n − 2 ∫ e x 2 x 2 n d x velja za n > 0 , {\displaystyle \int e^{x^{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x=e^{x^{2}}\left(\sum _{j=0}^{n-1}c_{2j}\,{\frac {1}{x^{2j+1}}}\right)+(2n-1)c_{2n-2}\int {\frac {e^{x^{2}}}{x^{2n}}}\;\mathrm {d} x\quad {\mbox{velja za }}n>0,} where c 2 j = 1 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 ⋯ ( 2 j − 1 ) 2 j + 1 = ( 2 j ) ! j ! 2 2 j + 1 . {\displaystyle c_{2j}={\frac {1\cdot 3\cdot 5\cdots (2j-1)}{2^{j+1}}}={\frac {(2j)\,!}{j!\,2^{2j+1}}}\ .} ∫ x x ⋅ ⋅ x ⏟ m d x = ∑ n = 0 m ( − 1 ) n ( n + 1 ) n − 1 n ! Γ ( n + 1 , − ln x ) + ∑ n = m + 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n a m n Γ ( n + 1 , − ln x ) (za x > 0 ) {\displaystyle {\int \underbrace {x^{x^{\cdot ^{\cdot ^{x}}}}} _{m}\,dx=\sum _{n=0}^{m}{\frac {(-1)^{n}(n+1)^{n-1}}{n!}}\Gamma (n+1,-\ln x)+\sum _{n=m+1}^{\infty }(-1)^{n}a_{mn}\Gamma (n+1,-\ln x)\qquad {\mbox{(za }}x>0{\mbox{)}}}} where a m n = { 1 kadar je n = 0 , 1 n ! kadar je m = 1 , 1 n ∑ j = 1 n j a m , n − j a m − 1 , j − 1 v ostalih primerih {\displaystyle a_{mn}={\begin{cases}1&{\text{kadar je }}n=0,\\{\frac {1}{n!}}&{\text{kadar je }}m=1,\\{\frac {1}{n}}\sum _{j=1}^{n}ja_{m,n-j}a_{m-1,j-1}&{\text{v ostalih primerih }}\end{cases}}}
in Γ ( x , y ) {\displaystyle \Gamma (x,y)} gama funkcija ∫ 1 a e λ x + b d x = x b − 1 b λ ln ( a e λ x + b ) {\displaystyle \int {\frac {1}{ae^{\lambda x}+b}}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {x}{b}}-{\frac {1}{b\lambda }}\ln \left(ae^{\lambda x}+b\right)\,} b ≠ 0 {\displaystyle b\neq 0} λ ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \lambda \neq 0} a e λ x + b > 0 . {\displaystyle ae^{\lambda x}+b>0\,.} ∫ e 2 λ x a e λ x + b d x = 1 a 2 λ [ a e λ x + b − b ln ( a e λ x + b ) ] {\displaystyle \int {\frac {e^{2\lambda x}}{ae^{\lambda x}+b}}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{a^{2}\lambda }}\left[ae^{\lambda x}+b-b\ln \left(ae^{\lambda x}+b\right)\right]\,} a ≠ 0 {\displaystyle a\neq 0} λ ≠ 0 {\displaystyle \lambda \neq 0} a e λ x + b > 0 {\displaystyle ae^{\lambda x}+b>0\,} Določeni intagrali
uredi
∫ 0 1 e x ⋅ ln a + ( 1 − x ) ⋅ ln b d x = ∫ 0 1 ( a b ) x ⋅ b d x = ∫ 0 1 a x ⋅ b 1 − x d x = a − b ln a − ln b {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{1}e^{x\cdot \ln a+(1-x)\cdot \ln b}\;\mathrm {d} x=\int _{0}^{1}\left({\frac {a}{b}}\right)^{x}\cdot b\;\mathrm {d} x=\int _{0}^{1}a^{x}\cdot b^{1-x}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {a-b}{\ln a-\ln b}}} a > 0 , b > 0 , a ≠ b {\displaystyle a>0,\ b>0,\ a\neq b} logaritemska sredina ∫ 0 ∞ e a x d x = 1 | a | ( a < 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }e^{ax}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{|a|}}\quad (a<0)} ∫ 0 ∞ e − a x 2 d x = 1 2 π a ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi \over a}}\quad (a>0)} Gaussov integral )∫ − ∞ ∞ e − a x 2 d x = π a ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x={\sqrt {\pi \over a}}\quad (a>0)} ∫ − ∞ ∞ e − a x 2 e − 2 b x d x = π a e b 2 a ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }e^{-ax^{2}}e^{-2bx}\,\mathrm {d} x={\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}e^{\frac {b^{2}}{a}}\quad (a>0)} integral Gaussove funkcije )∫ − ∞ ∞ x e − a ( x − b ) 2 d x = b π a {\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }xe^{-a(x-b)^{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x=b{\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}} ∫ − ∞ ∞ x 2 e − a x 2 d x = 1 2 π a 3 ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{-\infty }^{\infty }x^{2}e^{-ax^{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\pi \over a^{3}}}\quad (a>0)} ∫ 0 ∞ x n e − a x 2 d x = { 1 2 Γ ( n + 1 2 ) / a n + 1 2 ( n > − 1 , a > 0 ) ( 2 k − 1 ) ! ! 2 k + 1 a k π a ( n = 2 k , k integer , a > 0 ) k ! 2 a k + 1 ( n = 2 k + 1 , k integer , a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }x^{n}e^{-ax^{2}}\,\mathrm {d} x={\begin{cases}{\frac {1}{2}}\Gamma \left({\frac {n+1}{2}}\right)/a^{\frac {n+1}{2}}&(n>-1,a>0)\\{\frac {(2k-1)!!}{2^{k+1}a^{k}}}{\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{a}}}&(n=2k,k\;{\text{integer}},a>0)\\{\frac {k!}{2a^{k+1}}}&(n=2k+1,k\;{\text{integer}},a>0)\end{cases}}} dvojno fakulteto )∫ 0 ∞ x n e − a x d x = { Γ ( n + 1 ) a n + 1 ( n > − 1 , a > 0 ) n ! a n + 1 ( n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }x^{n}e^{-ax}\,\mathrm {d} x={\begin{cases}{\frac {\Gamma (n+1)}{a^{n+1}}}&(n>-1,a>0)\\{\frac {n!}{a^{n+1}}}&(n=0,1,2,\ldots ,a>0)\\\end{cases}}} ∫ 0 ∞ e − a x sin b x d x = b a 2 + b 2 ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax}\sin bx\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {b}{a^{2}+b^{2}}}\quad (a>0)} ∫ 0 ∞ e − a x cos b x d x = a a 2 + b 2 ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }e^{-ax}\cos bx\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {a}{a^{2}+b^{2}}}\quad (a>0)} ∫ 0 ∞ x e − a x sin b x d x = 2 a b ( a 2 + b 2 ) 2 ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }xe^{-ax}\sin bx\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {2ab}{(a^{2}+b^{2})^{2}}}\quad (a>0)} ∫ 0 ∞ x e − a x cos b x d x = a 2 − b 2 ( a 2 + b 2 ) 2 ( a > 0 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{\infty }xe^{-ax}\cos bx\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {a^{2}-b^{2}}{(a^{2}+b^{2})^{2}}}\quad (a>0)} ∫ 0 2 π e x cos θ d θ = 2 π I 0 ( x ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{2\pi }e^{x\cos \theta }d\theta =2\pi I_{0}(x)} I 0 {\displaystyle I_{0}} Besselova funkcija prve vrste)∫ 0 2 π e x cos θ + y sin θ d θ = 2 π I 0 ( x 2 + y 2 ) {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{2\pi }e^{x\cos \theta +y\sin \theta }d\theta =2\pi I_{0}\left({\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2}}}\right)} 
![{\displaystyle \int {\frac {e^{2\lambda x}}{ae^{\lambda x}+b}}\;\mathrm {d} x={\frac {1}{a^{2}\lambda }}\left[ae^{\lambda x}+b-b\ln \left(ae^{\lambda x}+b\right)\right]\,}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/278961ab24efa75c218ed9fc570b0f9a7dac350f)
