Seznam najbližjih zvezd
seznam Wikimedie
Seznam najbližjih zvezd glede na Sonce, oziroma Zemljo. Seznam je urejen po naraščajoči oddaljenosti do največ 5 parsekov (16,308 svetlobnih let). Vključno z Osončjem je trenutno znanih 50 zvezdnih sistemov, ki ležijo v tem krogelnem območju. V teh sistemih je skupaj 65 znanih zvezd in 4 znane rjave pritlikavke. Od tega je ena zvezda Sončev dvojček, ena Sončev analogon, štiri bele in 50 rdečih pritlikavk.
Zvezde in rjave pritlikavke z navideznim sijem večjim od 6,5m in, ki jih zaradi tega ne moremo opazovati s prostim očesom,[1] so prikazane v praškasto modri. Spektralni razredi zvezd in rjavih pritlikavk so prikazani v barvi njihovega spektralnega razreda. Te barve so izvedene iz dogovorjenih imen za spektralne razrede in ne nakazujejo opazovanih barv zvezd. Nekatere paralakse in razdalje je meril Raziskovalni konzorcij o bližnjih zvezdah (RECONS) in predstavljajo le trenutne vrednosti.[2]
Seznam
uredi| # | oznaka | spektralni razred | mV | MV | Teff [K(±ur) |
epoha J2000,0 | paralaksa[2][3] ["(±ur)] |
oddaljenost[4] [sv. l.(±ur)] |
dodatne reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sistem | zvezda | rektascenzija[2] | deklinacija[2] | ||||||||
| Sončev | Sonce | G2V[2] | −26,72[2] | 4,85[2] | 5778[5] | — | — | 180° | 0,0000158(3) ali približno 8 svetl. minut | ||
| 1 | Alfa Kentavra (Rigil Kentaurus; Toliman) |
Proksima Kentavra (V645 Kentavra) | M5.5Ve | 11,09 | 15,53 | 3040[6] | 14h 29m 43,0s | −62° 40′ 46″ | 0,768 87(0 29)[7][8] | 4,2421(16) | [9] |
| α Kentavra A (HD 128620) | G2V | 0,01 | 4,38 | 5790[6] | 14h 39m 36,5s | −60° 50′ 02″ | 0.747 23(1 17)[7][10] | 4,3650(68) | |||
| α Kentavra B (HD 128621) | K0V | 1,34 | 5,71 | 5260[6] | 14h 39m 35,1s | −60° 50′ 14″ | |||||
| 2 | Barnardova zvezda (BD+04°3561a) | M4.0Ve | 9,53 | 13,22 | 3134(102)[11] | 17h 57m 48,5s | +04° 41′ 36″ | 0,546 98(1 00)[7][8] | 5,9630(109) | ||
| 3 | Wolf 359 (CN Leva) | M6.0V | 13,44 | 16,55 | 2800(100)[12] | 10h 56m 29,2s | +07° 00′ 53″ | 0,419 10(2 10)[7] | 7,7825(390) | ||
| 4 | Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147) | M2.0V | 7,47 | 10,44 | 3400[13] | 11h 03m 20,2s | +35° 58′ 12″ | 0,393 42(0 70)[7][8] | 8,2905(148) | ||
| 5 | Sirij (α Velikega psa) |
Sirij A | A1V | −1,43 | 1,47 | 9940(210)[14] | 06h 45m 08,9s | −16° 42′ 58″ | 0,380 02(1 28)[7][8] | 8,5828(289) | |
| Sirij B | DA2 | 8,44 | 11,34 | 25.000(200)[15] | |||||||
| 6 | Luyten 726-8 | Luyten 726-8 A (BL Kita) | M5.5Ve | 12,54 | 15,40 | 2670 | 01h 39m 01,3s | −17° 57′ 01″ | 0,373 70(2 70)[7] | 8,7280(631) | |
| Luyten 726-8 B (UV Kita) | M6.0Ve | 12,99 | 15,85 | ~2600 | |||||||
| 7 | Ross 154 (V1216 Vodnarja) | M3.5Ve | 10,43 | 13,07 | 2700 | 18h 49m 49,4s | −23° 50′ 10″ | 0,336 90(1 78)[7][8] | 9,6813(512) | ||
| 8 | Ross 248 (HH Andromede) | M5.5Ve | 12,29 | 14,79 | ? | 23h 41m 54,7s | +44° 10′ 30″ | 0,316 00(1 10)[7] | 10,322(36) | ||
| 9 | Epsilon Eridana (BD−09°697) | K2V | 3,73 | 6,19 | 5100 | 03h 32m 55,8s | −09° 27′ 30″ | 0,309 99(0 79)[7][8] | 10,522(27) | ||
| 10 | Lacaille 9352 (CD−36°15693) | M1.5Ve | 7,34 | 9,75 | 3340 | 23h 05m 52,0s | −35° 51′ 11″ | 0,303 64(0 87)[7][8] | 10,742(31) | ||
| 11 | Ross 128 (FI Device) | M4.0Vn | 11,13 | 13,51 | 2800 | 11h 47m 44,4s | +00° 48′ 16″ | 0,298 72(1 35)[7][8] | 10,919(49) | ||
| 12 | EZ Vodnarja (GJ 866, Luyten 789-6) |
EZ Vodnarja A | M5.0Ve | 13,33 | 15,64 | ? | 22h 38m 33,4s | −15° 18′ 07″ | 0,289 50(4 40)[7] | 11,266(171) | |
| EZ Vodnarja B | M5.5V | 13,27 | 15,58 | ? | |||||||
| EZ Vodnarja C | M6.5V | 14,03 | 16,34 | ? | |||||||
| 13 | Prokijon (α Malega psa) |
Prokijon A | F5V-IV | 0,38 | 2,66 | 6650 | 07h 39m 18,1s | +05° 13′ 30″ | 0,286 05(0 81)[7][8] | 11,402(32) | |
| Prokijon B | DA | 10,70 | 12,98 | 9700 | |||||||
| 14 | 61 Laboda | 61 Laboda A (BD+38°4343) | K5.0V | 5,21 | 7,49 | 4640 | 21h 06m 53,9s | +38° 44′ 58″ | 0,286 04(0 56)[7][8] | 11,403(22) | |
| 61 Laboda B (BD+38°4344) | K7.0V | 6,03 | 8,31 | 4440 | 21h 06m 55,3s | +38° 44′ 31″ | |||||
| 15 | Struve 2398 (GJ 725, BD+59°1915) |
Struve 2398 A (HD 173739) | M3.0V | 8,90 | 11,16 | ? | 18h 42m 46,7s | +59° 37′ 49″ | 0.283 00(1 69)[7][8] | 11,525(69) | |
| Struve 2398 B (HD 173740) | M3.5V | 9,69 | 11,95 | ? | 18h 42m 46,9s | +59° 37′ 37″ | |||||
| 16 | Groombridge 34 (GJ 15) |
Groombridge 34 A (GX Andromede) | M1.5V | 8,08 | 10,32 | ? | 0h 18m 22,9s | +44° 01′ 23″ | 0,280 59(0 95)[7][8] | 11,624(39) | |
| Groombridge 34 B (GQ Andromede) | M3.5V | 11,06 | 13,30 | ? | |||||||
| 17 | Epsilon Indijanca (CPD−57°10015) |
Epsilon Indijanca A | K5Ve | 4,69 | 6,89 | 4280 | 22h 03m 21,7s | −56° 47′ 10″ | 0,275 84(0 69)[7][8] | 11,824(30) | |
| Epsilon Indijanca Ba | T1.0V | >23 | >25 | 1280 | 22h 04m 10,5s | −56° 46′ 58″ | |||||
| Epsilon Indijanca Bb | T6.0V | >23 | >25 | 850 | |||||||
| 18 | DX Raka (G 51-15) | M6.5Ve | 14,78 | 16,98 | ? | 08h 29m 49,5s | +26° 46′ 37″ | 0,275 80(3 00)[7] | 11,826(129) | ||
| 19 | Tau Kita (BD−16°295) | G8Vp | 3,49 | 5,68 | 5344 | 01h 44m 04,1s | −15° 56′ 15″ | 0,274 39(0 76)[7][8] | 11,887(33) | ||
| 20 | GJ 1061 (LHS 1565) | M5.5V | 13,09 | 15,26 | ? | 03h 35m 59,7s | −44° 30′ 45″ | 0,272 01(1 30)[16] | 11,991(57) | [17][18] | |
| 21 | YZ Kita (LHS 138) | M4.5V | 12,02 | 14,17 | ? | 01h 12m 30,6s | −16° 59′ 56″ | 0,268 84(2 95)[7][8] | 12,132(133) | ||
| 22 | Luytenova zvezda (BD+05°1668) | M3.5Vn | 9,86 | 11,97 | ? | 07h 27m 24,5s | +05° 13′ 33″ | 0,263 76(1 25)[7][8] | 12,366(59) | ||
| 23 | Teegardnova zvezda (SO025300.5+165258) | M6.5V | 15,14 | 17,22 | ? | 02h 53m 00,9s | +16° 52′ 53″ | 0,260 63(2 69)[16] | 12,514(129) | [18] | |
| 24 | SCR 1845-6357 | SCR 1845-6357 A | M8.5V | 17,39 | 19,41 | ? | 18h 45m 05,3s | −63° 57′ 48″ | 0,259 45(1 11)[16] | 12,571(54) | [18] |
| SCR 1845-6357 B | T6[19] | ? | ? | 950[19] | 18h 45m 02,6s | −63° 57′ 52″ | |||||
| 25 | Kapteynova zvezda (CD−45°1841) | M1.5V | 8,84 | 10,87 | 3800 | 05h 11m 40,6s | −45° 01′ 06″ | 0,255 27(0 86)[7][8] | 12,777(43) | ||
| 26 | Lacaille 8760 (AX Mikroskopa) | M0.0V | 6,67 | 8,69 | 3340 | 21h 17m 15,3s | −38° 52′ 03″ | 0,253 43(1 12)[7][8] | 12,870(57) | ||
| 27 | Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783) |
Kruger 60 A | M3.0V | 9,79 | 11,76 | 3180 | 22h 27m 59,5s | +57° 41′ 45″ | 0,248 06(1 39)[7][10] | 13,149(74) | |
| Kruger 60 B (DO Kefeja) | M4.0V | 11,41 | 13,38 | 2890 | |||||||
| 28 | DEN 1048-3956 | M8.5V | 17,39 | 19,37 | ? | 10h 48m 14,7s | −39° 56′ 06″ | 0,247 71(1 55)[16] | 13,167(82) | [20][21] | |
| 29 | Ross 614 (V577 Enoroga, GJ 234) |
Ross 614A (LHS 1849) | M4.5V | 11,15 | 13,09 | ? | 06h 29m 23,4s | −02° 48′ 50″ | 0,244 34(2 01)[7][10] | 13,349(110) | |
| Ross 614B (LHS 1850) | M5.5V | 14,23 | 16,17 | ? | |||||||
| 30 | Wolf 1061 (Gl 628, BD−12°4523) | M3.0V | 10,07 | 11,93 | ? | 16h 30m 18,1s | −12° 39′ 45″ | 0,236 01(1 67)[7][8] | 13,820(98) | ||
| 31 | Van Maanenenova zvezda (Gl 35, LHS 7) | DZ7 | 12,38 | 14,21 | ? | 00h 49m 09,9s | +05° 23′ 19″ | 0,231 88(1 79)[7][8] | 14,066(109) | ||
| 32 | Gl 1 (CD−37°15492) | M3.0V | 8,55 | 10,35 | ? | 00h 05m 24,4s | −37° 21′ 27″ | 0,229 20(1 07)[7][8] | 14,231(66) | ||
| 33 | Wolf 424 (FL Device, LHS 333, GJ 473) |
Wolf 424 A | M5.5Ve | 13,18 | 14,97 | ? | 12h 33m 17,2s | +09° 01′ 15″ | 0.227 90(4 60)[7] | 14,312(289) | |
| Wolf 424 B | M5.5V | 13,17 | 14,96 | ? | |||||||
| 34 | TZ Ovna (GJ 83.1, Luyten 1159-16) | M4.5V | 12,27 | 14,03 | ? | 02h 00m 13,2s | +13° 03′ 08″ | 0,224 80(2 90)[7] | 14,509(187) | ||
| 35 | Gl 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946) | M3.0V | 9,17 | 10,89 | ? | 17h 36m 25,9s | +68° 20′ 21″ | 0,220 49(0 82)[7][8] | 14,793(55) | ||
| 36 | LHS 292 (LP 731-58) | M6.5V | 15,60 | 17,32 | ? | 10h 48m 12,6s | −11° 20′ 14″ | 0,220 30(3 60)[7] | 14,805(242) | ||
| 37 | Gl 674 (LHS 449) | M3.0V | 9,38 | 11,09 | ? | 17h 28m 39,9s | −46° 53′ 43″ | 0,220 25(1 59)[7][8] | 14,809(107) | ||
| 38 | GJ 1245 | GJ 1245 A | M5.5V | 13,46 | 15,17 | ? | 19h 53m 54,2s | +44° 24′ 55″ | 0.220 20(1 00)[7] | 14,812(67) | |
| GJ 1245 B | M6.0V | 14,01 | 15,72 | ? | 19h 53m 55,2s | +44° 24′ 56″ | |||||
| GJ 1245 C | M? | 16,75 | 18,46 | ? | 19h 53m 54,2s | +44° 24′ 55″ | |||||
| 39 | GJ 440 (WD 1142-645) | DQ6 | 11,50 | 13,18 | 7500 | 11h 45m 42,9s | −64° 50′ 29″ | 0,216 57(2 01)[7][8] | 15,060(140) | ||
| 40 | GJ 1002 | M5.5V | 13,76 | 15,40 | ? | 00h 06m 43,8s | −07° 32′ 22″ | 0,213 00(3 60)[7] | 15,313(259) | ||
| 41 | Ross 780 (GJ 876) | M3.5V | 10,17 | 11,81 | 3480 | 22h 53m 16,7s | −14° 15′ 49″ | 0,212 59(1 96)[7][8] | 15,342(141) | ||
| 42 | LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23) | M5.5V | 13,90 | 15,51 | ? | 10h 44m 21,2s | −61° 12′ 36″ | 0,208 95(2 73)[16] | 15,610(204) | [18] | |
| 43 | GJ 412 | GJ 412 A | M1.0V | 8,77 | 10,34 | ? | 11h 05m 28,6s | +43° 31′ 36″ | 0,206 02(1 08)[7][8] | 15,832(83) | |
| GJ 412 B (WX Velikega medveda) | M5.5V | 14,48 | 16,05 | ? | 11h 05m 30,4s | +43° 31′ 18″ | |||||
| 44 | Groombridge 1618 (GJ 380) | K7.0V | 6,59 | 8,16 | 4000 | 10h 11m 22,1s | +49° 27′ 15″ | 0,205 81(0 67)[7][8] | 15,848(52) | ||
| 45 | GJ 388 | M3.0V | 9,32 | 10,87 | ? | 10h 19m 36,4s | +19° 52′ 10″ | 0,204 60(2 80)[7] | 15,942(218) | ||
| 46 | GJ 832 | M3.0V | 8,66 | 10,20 | ? | 21h 33m 34,0s | −49° 00′ 32″ | 0,202 78(1 32)[7][8] | 16,085(105) | ||
| 47 | LP 944-020 | M9.0V | 18,50 | 20,02 | ? | 03h 39m 35,2s | −35° 25′ 41″ | 0,201 40(4 20)[22] | 16,195(338) | ||
| 48 | DEN 0255-4700 | L7.5V | 22,92 | 24,44 | ? | 02h 55m 03,7s | −47° 00′ 52″ | 0,201 37(3 89)[16] | 16,197(313) | [21] | |
| Merilna negotovost paralakse presega 0,200" | |||||||||||
| 49 | GJ 682 | M4.5V | 10,95 | 12,45 | ? | 17h 37m 03,7s | −44° 19′ 09″ | 0,199 65(2 30)[7][8] | 16,337(188) | ||
| # | sistem | zvezda | spektralni razred | mV | MV | Teff [K(±ur)] |
rektascenzija[2] | deklinacija[2] | paralaksa[2][3] ["(±ur)] |
oddaljenost[4] [sv. l.(±ur)] |
dodatne reference |
| oznaka | epoha J2000,0 | ||||||||||
Prikaz najbližjih zvezd
urediSlika prikazuje vseh 32 zvezdnih sistemov v krogelnem območju znotraj 14 svetlobnih let od Sonca.
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Glej tudi
urediOpombe in sklici
uredi- ↑ Weaver, Harold F. (1947). »The Visibility of Stars Without Optical Aid«. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Zv. 59, št. 350. str. 232–243. Pridobljeno 4. februarja 2007.
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 »The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems«. Raziskovalni konzorcij o bližnjih zvezdah. 17. september 2007. Pridobljeno 6. novembra 2007.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Parallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 From parallax.
- ↑ Sun Fact Sheet, NASA. Accessed on line November 8, 2007.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Kervella, Pierre; Thevenin, Frederic (15. marec 2003). »A Family Portrait of the Alpha Centauri System: VLT Interferometer Studies the Nearest Stars«. ESO Press Release 05/03. ESO. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 16. junija 2008. Pridobljeno 8. novembra 2007.
- ↑ 7,00 7,01 7,02 7,03 7,04 7,05 7,06 7,07 7,08 7,09 7,10 7,11 7,12 7,13 7,14 7,15 7,16 7,17 7,18 7,19 7,20 7,21 7,22 7,23 7,24 7,25 7,26 7,27 7,28 7,29 7,30 7,31 7,32 7,33 7,34 7,35 7,36 7,37 7,38 7,39 7,40 7,41 7,42 Splošni katalog trihonometričnih paralaks (GCTP).
- ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 8,11 8,12 8,13 8,14 8,15 8,16 8,17 8,18 8,19 8,20 8,21 8,22 8,23 8,24 8,25 8,26 8,27 8,28 Katalog Hipparcosa.
- ↑ Burgasser idr (2000).
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Visual binary orbits and masses post Hipparcos, Staffan Söderhjelm, Astronomy and Astrophysics 341 (januar 1999), pp. 121–140.
- ↑ Barnard's Star and the M Dwarf Temperature Scale, P. C. Dawson and M. M. de Robertis, The Astronomical Journal 127, #5 (May 2004), pp. 2909–2914. DOI: 10.1086/383289
- ↑ Ya. V. Pavlenko; H. R. A. Jones; Yu. Lyubchik; J. Tennyson; D. J. Pinfield (Februar 2006). »Spectral energy distribution for GJ406«. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Zv. 447, št. 2. str. 709–717. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052979.
- ↑ Carbon monoxide bands in M dwarfs, Y. V. Pavlenko and H. R. A. Jones, Astronomy and Astrophysics 396 (December 2002), pp. 967–975. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021454
- ↑ Table 2, The physical properties of normal A stars, Saul J. Adelman, pp. 1–11, The A-Star Puzzle, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, edited by J. Zverko, J. Ziznovsky, S. J. Adelman, and W. W. Weiss, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. DOI: 10.1017/S1743921304004314
- ↑ Privzeta vrednost, The Age and Progenitor Mass of Sirius B, James Liebert, Patrick A. Young, David Arnett, J.B. Holberg, and Kurtis A. Williams, The Astrophysical Journal 630, #1 (September 2005), pp. L69–L72.
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 Systems with their first accurate trigonometric parallaxes measured by RECONS
- ↑ The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star, Todd J. Henry, Philip A. Ianna, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Hartmut Jahreiss, The Astronomical Journal 114, #1 (July 1997), pp. 388–395. DOI: 10.1086/118482
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample, Todd J. Henry, Wei-Chun Jao, John P. Subasavage, Thomas D. Beaulieu, Philip A. Ianna, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 132, #6 (December 2006), pp. 2360–2371. DOI: 10.1086/508233
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357, Markus Kasper, Beth A. Biller, Adam Burrows, Wolfgang Brandner, Jano Budaj, and Laird M. Close, Astronomy and Astrophysics 471, #2 (August 2007), pp. 655–659. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20077881
- ↑ The Solar Neighborhood. XIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 Meter Program: Stars with μ >= 1.0" yr-1 (Motion sample), Wei-Chun Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, Jennifer L. Bartlett, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 129, #4 (April 2005), pp. 1954–1967. DOI: 10.1086/428489
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 The Solar Neighborhood. XIV. Parallaxes from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation—First Results from the 1.5 m Telescope Program, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, W.-C. Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, and Jennifer Bartlett, The Astronomical Journal 130, #1 (julij 2005), str. 337–349. DOI: 10.1086/430473
- ↑ CCD astrometry of southern very low-mass stars, C. G. Tinney, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 281, #2 (July 1996), pp. 644–658.
Zunanje povezave
uredi- »NStars database«. NAU. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 30. oktobra 2005. Pridobljeno 24. oktobra 2005.
- »100 nearest star systems«. RECONS. Arhivirano iz prvotnega dne 23. septembra 2005. Pridobljeno 24. oktobra 2005.
{{navedi splet}}: Vzdrževanje CS1: bot: neznano stanje prvotnega URL-ja (povezava)() - »Map of the 25 nearest star systems«. NASA. Pridobljeno 24. oktobra 2005.
- »Notable Nearby Stars«. SolStation. Pridobljeno 24. oktobra 2005.
- »Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood«. D. Montes, UCM. Pridobljeno 14. novembra 2005.
- The dynamics of the closest stars
- Takeda, G.; E. B. Ford; A. Sills; F. A. Rasio; D. A. Fischer; J. A. Valenti (2006). »Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog« (v angleščini). California & Carnegie Planet Search. Pridobljeno 13. oktobra 2006.
