Red velikosti (sila)
Ker je teža sila, se nekateri izmed spodnjih primerov sklicujejo na težo predmetov pri povprečnem težnem pospešku Zemlje (9,8 m/s2).
Pod 1 NUredi
| Red velikosti | SI predpona | Vrednost | Zgled |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10−47 | 3,6 · 10−47 N | gravitacijska privlačnost med protonom in elektronom v atomu vodika[1] | |
| 10−30 | 8,9 · 10−30 N | teža elektrona | |
| 10−26 | 1,6 · 10−26 N | teža atoma vodika | |
| 10−24 | jokto- (yN) | ||
| 10−22 | 170 yN | sila, izmerjena v eksperimentu iz leta 2010 z vzbujanjem 60 ionov berilij-9[2][3] | |
| 10−21 | zepto- (zN) | ||
| 10−18 | ato- (aN) | ||
| 10−15 | femto- (fN) | ||
| 10−14 | ~10 fN | povprečna sila Brownovega gibanja na bakterijo E. coli v 1 sekundi[4] | |
| ~10 fN | teža bakterije E. coli[5][6] | ||
| 10−12 | piko- (pN) | ~4 pN | sila, potrebna za prekinitev vodikove vezi |
| ~5 pN | maksimalna sila molekularnega motorja | ||
| 10−10 | ~160 pN | sila, potrebna za prekinitev nekovalentne vezi | |
| 10−9 | nano- (nN) | ~1.6 nN | sila, potrebna za prekinitev kovalentne vezi |
| 10−8 | 8.2 · 10−8 N | sila na elektron v atomu vodika | |
| 10−7 | 2 · 10−7 N | sila med dvema 1 meter dolgima prevodnikoma na razdalji 1 meter - definicija ampera. | |
| 10−6 | mikro- (μN) | 1–150 μN | potisk ionskega pogona na Laser Interferometer Space Antenna [7] |
| 10−3 | mili- (mN) | ||
| 10−2 | centi- (cN) | 19-92 mN | potisk ionskega pogona preizkušen na Deep Space 1[8] |
1 N in večUredi
| Red velikosti | SI predpona | Vrednost | Zgled |
|---|---|---|---|
| newton (N) | 1 N | teža povprečnega jabolka[9][10] | |
| 10 N | 9.8 N | 1 kilopond, približna teža telesa z maso 1 kg pri nadmorski višini 0 m na Zemlji[11] | |
| 102 N | 720 N | povprečna sila človeškega ugriza, izmerjena na kočnikih[12] | |
| 103 N | kilo- (kN) | 8 kN | največja sila, ki jo je dosegel dvigalec uteži[13] |
| 9 kN | sila ugriza odraslega ameriškega aligatorja[14] | ||
| 104 N | 16.5 kN | sila ugriza 5,2-metrskega sladkovodnega krokodila[15] | |
| 18 kN | ocena sile ugriza odraslega 6,1-metrskega belega morskega volka[16] | ||
| 25.5 do 34.5 kN | ocena sile ugriza odraslega 6,7-metrskega sladkovodnega krokodila[17] | ||
| 105 N | 100 kN | povprečna sila varnostnega pasu in zračne blazine na potnika v avtomobilu, ki trči v mirujočo pregrado pri 100 km/h[18] | |
| 106 N | mega- (MN) | 1,8 MN | potisk Aerojet Rocketdyne RS-25 pri vzletu[19][20][21] |
| 1,9 MN | teža največjega modrega kita[1] | ||
| 107 N | 35 MN | potisk rakete Saturn V pri vzletu[22] | |
| 108 N | 570 MN | ocena sile sončne svetlobe na Zemljo[23] | |
| 109 N | giga- (GN) | ||
| 1012 N | tera- (TN) | ||
| 1015 N | peta- (PN) | ||
| 1018 N | eksa- (EN) | ||
| 1020 N | 2,0 · 1020 N | gravitacijska privlačnost med Zemljo in Luno[24] | |
| 1021 N | zeta- (ZN) | ||
| 1022 N | 3,5 · 1022 N | gravitacijska privlačnost med Zemljo in Soncem[25] | |
| 1024 N | jota- (YN) | ||
| 1032 N | 2,25 · 1032 N | gravitacijska sila med Strelcem A* in Soncem[25] | |
| 1044 N | 1,2 · 1044 N | Planckova sila[26] |
SkliciUredi
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Hugh D. Young, University Physics 4th Ed, 1992, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co, Inc.
- ↑ Brumfiel, G. (2010). "Scientists measure atomic nudge". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.187.
- ↑ M. J. Biercuk; H. Uys; J. W. Britton; A. P. VanDevender; J. J. Bollinger (9 Apr 2010). "YoctoNewton force detection sensitivity using trapped ions". arXiv:1004.0780.
detection of forces as small as 174 yN
- ↑ "Forces involved at the biological level". PicoTwist. Pridobljeno dne 30 December 2011.
- ↑ "E. coli Statistics". The CyberCell Database. Pridobljeno dne 2011-09-11.
- ↑ Calculated: weight = mass * g = 1e-15 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 = 1e-14 N
- ↑ http://www.lisa-science.org/list/list_meetings/potsdam_2006/lpf-presentation.pdf
- ↑ "NSTAR Ion Thruster". NASA. Pridobljeno dne 9 January 2012.
thrust from 19 mN to 92 mN
- ↑ http://www.teachersource.com/Workshops/SuperWowNeatScienceforEveryonewithRonPerkins/NewtonsApple.aspx
- ↑ Lafferty, Peter & Julian Rowe. The Dictionary of Science. New York: Helicon, 1993: 404.
- ↑ "Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically". NIST Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI). NIST. Pridobljeno dne 9 January 2012.
- ↑ Houston T E, Bite Force and Bite Pressure: Comparisons of Humans and Dogs, 2003 [1]
- ↑ The Human Machine By R. McNeill Alexander, Mark Iley, Sally Alexander
- ↑ Erickson, G. M.; Lappin, A. K.; Vliet, K. A. (2003). "The ontogeny of bite-force performance in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 260 (3): 317. doi:10.1017/S0952836903003819. 9452 N
- ↑ "Crocodiles Have Strongest Bite Ever Measured, Hands-on Tests Show". Pridobljeno dne 15 March 2012.
The "winners"—saltwater crocodiles—slammed their jaws shut with 3,700 pounds per square inch (psi), or 16,460 newtons, of bite force.
- ↑ "Great White Tops List of Hardest-Biting Sharks". Discovery News. Discovery Channel. Pridobljeno dne 21 January 2012.
a bite force of 9,320 Newton at the tip of its jaws and 18,216 N at the back of its jaws
- ↑ "Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation". Pridobljeno dne 14 March 2012.
scientifically documented 6.7-meter long Crocodylus porosus individuals were likely capable of molariform bite forces of approximately 27,531 N to 34,424 N (6,187 to 7,736 lbs).
- ↑ Lawrence Weinstein and John A. Adams, Guesstimation, 2008, Section 6.3.1
- ↑ "Space Shuttle Main Engine". Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Pridobljeno dne 20 April 2013.
109% power level at sea level: 418,000 lb
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "SSME". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Pridobljeno dne 27 October 2011.
Launches normally used 104% ... as a maximum
- ↑ Calculated: 418000 lbf * 4.45 N/lbf * (104% launch power level / 109%) = 1.77e6 N.
- ↑ "What Was the Saturn V?". NASA. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 10 November 2010. Pridobljeno dne 21 January 2012.
The rocket generated 34.5 million newtons ... of thrust at launch
- ↑ 1,63 x 10−14 x gravitacijski privlak med Zemljo in Soncem pod predpostavko popolne absorpcije svetlobe Sunlight Exerts Pressure, NASA Glenn LTP Math & Science Resources
- ↑ http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/~do_while/sage/v5i5d.htm
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/961029b.html
- ↑ CODATA — Planck time