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=== Aktivna tuberkuloza ===
Diagnosticirati aktivno tuberkulozo samo na podlagi znakov in simptomov je težko,<ref name=DiagP2011>{{cite journal|last1=Bento|first1=J|last2=Silva|first2= AS|last3= Rodrigues|first3= F|last4= Duarte|first4= R|title=[Diagnostic tools in tuberculosis]|journal=Acta medica portuguesa|date=januar-februarjanuar–februar 2011|volume=24|issue=1|pages=145-54|pmid=21672452}}</ref> prav tako tudi bolezen pri osebah s suprimiranim imunskim sistemom.<ref name=Clinic2009>{{cite journal|last=Escalante|first=P|title=In the clinic. Tuberculosis|journal=Annals of internal medicine|date=2009-06-02|volume=150|issue=11|pages=ITC61-614; quiz ITV616|pmid=19487708}}</ref> Na diagnozo TB pa je treba pomisliti pri pacientih z znaki pljučnega obolenja ali splošnimi simptomi, ki trajajo dlje kot dva tedna.<ref name=Clinic2009/> [[Radiologija|Rentgensko slikanje prsnega koša]] in multipla kultura izpljunka za acido-bacile sta običajno del začetne ocene.<ref name=Clinic2009/> Testi sproščanja interferonov in tuberkulinski kožni testi v državah v razvoju nekoristni.<ref>{{cite journal|authors=Metcalfe, JZ, Everett, CK, Steingart, KR, Cattamanchi, A, Huang, L, Hopewell, PC, Pai, M|title=Interferon-? release assays for active pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in adults in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The Journal of infectious diseases|date=2011-11-15|volume=204 Suppl 4|pages=S1120-9|pmid=21996694|doi=10.1093/infdis/jir410|pmc=3192542|issue=suppl_4}}</ref><ref name="Sester 100-11">{{cite journal|authors=Sester, M, Sotgiu, G, Lange, C, Giehl, C, Girardi, E, Migliori, GB, Bossink, A, Dheda, K, Diel, R, Dominguez, J, Lipman, M, Nemeth, J, Ravn, P, Winkler, S, Huitric, E, Sandgren, A, Manissero, D|title=Interferon-? release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology|date=januar 2011|volume=37|issue=1|pages=100-11|pmid=20847080|doi=10.1183/09031936.00114810}}</ref> IGRA pozna pri osebah s HIV podobne meje.<ref name="Sester 100-11"/><ref>{{cite journal|authors=Chen, J, Zhang, R, Wang, J, Liu, L, Zheng, Y, Shen, Y, Qi, T, Lu, H|title=Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=PLoS ONE|year=2011|volume=6|issue=11|pages=e26827|pmid=22069472|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0026827|pmc=3206065|editor1-last=Vermund|editor1-first=Sten H}}</ref>
Diagnoza TB je jasna, če se za ''M. tuberculosis'' ugotovi prisotnost v kliničnem vzorcu (kot so npr. [[izmeček]], [[gnoj]] ali tkivo, dobljeno z [[biopsija|biopsijo]]). Ker gre za počasi rastoč organizem, je postopek kulture težaven in traja pri vzorcih krvi ali izmečka od dva do šest tednov.<ref>{{cite book|last=Diseases|first=Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical|title=Diagnostics for tuberculosis : global demand and market potential.|year=2006|publisher=World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-156330-7|pages=36|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=CFPpcCef4yQC&pg=PA36}}</ref> Z zdravljenjem se zato pogosto prične, še preden kulture diagnozo potrdijo.<ref name=NICE2011/>
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