Grand Tour (kolesarstvo)

Grand Tour (tudi Tritedenska dirka) je ime za tri najpomembnejše in najprestižnejše etapne dirke v kolesarstvu: Dirko po Franciji (francosko Tour de France), Dirko po Italiji (italijansko Giro d'Italia) in Dirko po Španiji (špansko Vuelta a España). Vse tri potekajo v podobni obliki in s trajanjem približno treh tednov. Imajo poseben status v pravilih UCI, prinašajo največ točk za lestvico[1] in so edine cestne etapne dirke dolge več kot štirinajst dni.[2]

Dirko po Italiji običajno poteka v maju, Dirka po Franciji v juliju in Dirka po Španiji v drugi polovici avgusta in začetku septembra. Dirka po Španiji je prvotno potekala spomladi, običajno konec aprila, nekajkrat v štiridesetih letih tudi junija, toda leta 1995 so jo v izogib prekrivanju z Dirko po Italiji pomaknili na konec sezone. Dirka po Franciji je najstarejša in najprestižnejša izmed treh dirk, prinaša tudi največ točk za kolesarsko lestvico[1] in velja za najbolj obiskano vsakoletno športno tekmovanje na svetu.[3] Dirka po Franciji, Dirka po Italiji in cesta dirka svetovnega prvenstva veljata za kolesarsko trojno krono. Najuspešnejši kolesar v zgodovini dirki Grand Tour je Eddy Merckx z enajstimi skupnimi zmagami, je tudi eden sedmih kolesarjev z zmagami na vseh treh dirkah. Osemnajstkrat se je zgodilo, da je isti kolesar zmagal na dveh od treh dirkah v sezoni, na vseh treh pa še nihče.

Skupni zmagovalci uredi

Zmagovalci po letih uredi

Leto Dirka po Italiji Dirka po Franciji Dirka po Španiji
1903 začetek leta 1909   Maurice Garin (1/1) začetek leta 1935
1904   Henri Cornet (1/1)
1905   Louis Trousselier (1/1)
1906   René Pottier (1/1)
1907   Lucien Petit-Breton (1/2)
1908   Lucien Petit-Breton (2/2)
1909   Luigi Ganna (1/1)   François Faber (1/1)
1910   Carlo Galetti (1/3)   Octave Lapize (1/1)
1911   Carlo Galetti (2/3)   Gustave Garrigou (1/1)
1912   Team Atala (Carlo Galetti (3/3),
Giovanni Micheletto (1/1) in Eberardo Pavesi (1/1))
  Odile Defraye (1/1)
1913   Carlo Oriani (1/1)   Philippe Thys (1/3)
1914   Alfonso Calzolari (1/1)   Philippe Thys (2/3)
1915 prva svetovna vojna
1916
1917
1918
1919   Costante Girardengo (1/2)   Firmin Lambot (1/2)
1920   Gaetano Belloni (1/1)   Philippe Thys (3/3)
1921   Giovanni Brunero (1/3)   Léon Scieur (1/1)
1922   Giovanni Brunero (2/3)   Firmin Lambot (2/2)
1923   Costante Girardengo (2/2)   Henri Pélissier (1/1)
1924   Giuseppe Enrici (1/1)   Ottavio Bottecchia (1/2)
1925   Alfredo Binda (1/5)   Ottavio Bottecchia (2/2)
1926   Giovanni Brunero (3/3)   Lucien Buysse (1/1)
1927   Alfredo Binda (2/5)   Nicolas Frantz (1/2)
1928   Alfredo Binda (3/5)   Nicolas Frantz (2/2)
1929   Alfredo Binda (4/5)   Maurice De Waele (1/1)
1930   Luigi Marchisio (1/1)   André Leducq (1/2)
1931   Francesco Camusso (1/1)   Antonin Magne (1/2)
1932   Antonio Pesenti (1/1)   André Leducq (2/2)
1933   Alfredo Binda (5/5)   Georges Speicher (1/1)
1934   Learco Guerra (1/1)   Antonin Magne (2/2)
1935   Vasco Bergamaschi (1/1)   Romain Maes (1/1)   Gustaaf Deloor (1/2)
1936   Gino Bartali (1/5)   Sylvère Maes (1/2)   Gustaaf Deloor (2/2)
1937   Gino Bartali (2/5)   Roger Lapébie (1/1) španska državljanska vojna
1938   Giovanni Valetti (1/2)   Gino Bartali (3/5)
1939   Giovanni Valetti (2/2)   Sylvère Maes (2/2)
1940   Fausto Coppi (1/7) druga svetovna vojna
1941 druga svetovna vojna   Julián Berrendero (1/2)
1942   Julián Berrendero (2/2)
1943 druga svetovna vojna
1944
1945   Delio Rodríguez (1/1)
1946   Gino Bartali (4/5)   Dalmacio Langarica (1/1)
1947   Fausto Coppi (2/7)   Jean Robic (1/1)   Edward Van Dijck (1/1)
1948   Fiorenzo Magni (1/3)   Gino Bartali (5/5)   Bernardo Ruiz (1/1)
1949   Fausto Coppi (3/7)   Fausto Coppi (4/7) ni potekala
1950   Hugo Koblet (1/2)   Ferdinand Kübler (1/1)   Emilio Rodríguez (1/1)
1951   Fiorenzo Magni (2/3)   Hugo Koblet (2/2) ni potekala
1952   Fausto Coppi (5/7)   Fausto Coppi (6/7)
1953   Fausto Coppi (7/7)   Louison Bobet (1/3)
1954   Carlo Clerici (1/1)   Louison Bobet (2/3)
1955   Fiorenzo Magni (3/3)   Louison Bobet (3/3)   Jean Dotto (1/1)
1956   Charly Gaul (1/3)   Roger Walkowiak (1/1)   Angelo Conterno (1/1)
1957   Gastone Nencini (1/2)   Jacques Anquetil (1/8)   Jesús Loroño (1/1)
1958   Ercole Baldini (1/1)   Charly Gaul (2/3)   Jean Stablinski (1/1)
1959   Charly Gaul (3/3)   Federico Bahamontes (1/1)   Antonio Suárez (1/1)
1960   Jacques Anquetil (2/8)   Gastone Nencini (2/2)   Frans De Mulder (1/1)
1961   Arnaldo Pambianco (1/1)   Jacques Anquetil (3/8)   Angelino Soler (1/1)
1962   Franco Balmamion (1/2)   Jacques Anquetil (4/8)   Rudi Altig (1/1)
1963   Franco Balmamion (2/2)   Jacques Anquetil (6/8)   Jacques Anquetil (5/8)
1964   Jacques Anquetil (7/8)   Jacques Anquetil (8/8)   Raymond Poulidor (1/1)
1965   Vittorio Adorni (1/1)   Felice Gimondi (1/5)   Rolf Wolfshohl (1/1)
1966   Gianni Motta (1/1)   Lucien Aimar (1/1)   Francisco Gabica (1/1)
1967   Felice Gimondi (2/5)   Roger Pingeon (1/2)   Jan Janssen (1/2)
1968   Eddy Merckx (1/11)   Jan Janssen (2/2)   Felice Gimondi (3/5)
1969   Felice Gimondi (4/5)   Eddy Merckx (2/11)   Roger Pingeon (2/2)
1970   Eddy Merckx (3/11)   Eddy Merckx (4/11)   Luis Ocaña (1/2)
1971   Gösta Pettersson (1/1)   Eddy Merckx (5/11)   Ferdinand Bracke (1/1)
1972   Eddy Merckx (6/11)   Eddy Merckx (7/11)   José Manuel Fuente (1/2)
1973   Eddy Merckx (9/11)   Luis Ocaña (2/2)   Eddy Merckx (8/11)
1974   Eddy Merckx (10/11)   Eddy Merckx (11/11)   José Manuel Fuente (2/2)
1975   Fausto Bertoglio (1/1)   Bernard Thévenet (1/2)   Agustín Tamames (1/1)
1976   Felice Gimondi (5/5)   Lucien Van Impe (1/1)   José Pesarrodona (1/1)
1977   Michel Pollentier (1/1)   Bernard Thévenet (2/2)   Freddy Maertens (1/1)
1978   Johan De Muynck (1/1)   Bernard Hinault (2/10)   Bernard Hinault (1/10)
1979   Giuseppe Saronni (1/2)   Bernard Hinault (3/10)   Joop Zoetemelk (1/2)
1980   Bernard Hinault (4/10)   Joop Zoetemelk (2/2)   Faustino Rupérez (1/1)
1981   Giovanni Battaglin (2/2)   Bernard Hinault (5/10)   Giovanni Battaglin (1/2)
1982   Bernard Hinault (6/10)   Bernard Hinault (7/10)   Marino Lejarreta (1/1)
1983   Giuseppe Saronni (2/2)   Laurent Fignon (1/3)   Bernard Hinault (8/10)
1984   Francesco Moser (1/1)   Laurent Fignon (2/3)   Éric Caritoux (1/1)
1985   Bernard Hinault (9/10)   Bernard Hinault (10/10)   Pedro Delgado (1/3)
1986   Roberto Visentini (1/1)   Greg LeMond (1/3)   Álvaro Pino (1/1)
1987   Stephen Roche (1/2)   Stephen Roche (2/2)   Luis Herrera (1/1)
1988   Andrew Hampsten (1/1)   Pedro Delgado (2/3)   Sean Kelly (1/1)
1989   Laurent Fignon (3/3)   Greg LeMond (2/3)   Pedro Delgado (3/3)
1990   Gianni Bugno (1/1)   Greg LeMond (3/3)   Marco Giovannetti (1/1)
1991   Franco Chioccioli (1/1)   Miguel Indurain (1/7)   Melcior Mauri (1/1)
1992   Miguel Indurain (2/7)   Miguel Indurain (3/7)   Tony Rominger (1/4)
1993   Miguel Indurain (4/7)   Miguel Indurain (5/7)   Tony Rominger (2/4)
1994   Jevgenij Berzin (1/1)   Miguel Indurain (6/7)   Tony Rominger (3/4)
1995   Tony Rominger (4/4)   Miguel Indurain (7/7)   Laurent Jalabert (1/1)
1996   Pavel Tonkov (1/1)   Bjarne Riis (1/1)   Alex Zülle (1/2)
1997   Ivan Gotti (1/2)   Jan Ullrich (1/2)   Alex Zülle (2/2)
1998   Marco Pantani (1/2)   Marco Pantani (2/2)   Abraham Olano (1/1)
1999   Ivan Gotti (2/2) brez zmagovalca   Jan Ullrich (2/2)
2000   Stefano Garzelli (1/1) brez zmagovalca   Roberto Heras (1/4)
2001   Gilberto Simoni (1/2) brez zmagovalca   Ángel Casero (1/1)
2002   Paolo Savoldelli (1/2) brez zmagovalca   Aitor González (1/1)
2003   Gilberto Simoni (2/2) brez zmagovalca   Roberto Heras (2/4)
2004   Damiano Cunego (1/1) brez zmagovalca   Roberto Heras (3/4)
2005   Paolo Savoldelli (2/2) brez zmagovalca   Roberto Heras (4/4)
2006   Ivan Basso (1/2)   Óscar Pereiro (1/1)   Aleksander Vinokurov (1/1)
2007   Danilo Di Luca (1/1)   Alberto Contador (1/7)   Denis Menčov (1/2)
2008   Alberto Contador (2/7)   Carlos Sastre (1/1)   Alberto Contador (3/7)
2009   Denis Menčov (2/2)   Alberto Contador (4/7)   Alejandro Valverde (1/1)
2010   Ivan Basso (2/2)   Andy Schleck (1/1)   Vincenzo Nibali (1/4)
2011   Michele Scarponi (1/1)   Cadel Evans (1/1)   Chris Froome (1/7)
2012   Ryder Hesjedal (1/1)   Bradley Wiggins (1/1)   Alberto Contador (5/7)
2013   Vincenzo Nibali (2/4)   Chris Froome (2/7)   Chris Horner (1/1)
2014   Nairo Quintana (1/2)   Vincenzo Nibali (3/4)   Alberto Contador (6/7)
2015   Alberto Contador (7/7)   Chris Froome (3/7)   Fabio Aru (1/1)
2016   Vincenzo Nibali (4/4)   Chris Froome (4/7)   Nairo Quintana (2/2)
2017   Tom Dumoulin (1/1)   Chris Froome (5/7)   Chris Froome (6/7)
2018   Chris Froome (7/7)   Geraint Thomas (1/1)   Simon Yates (1/1)
2019   Richard Carapaz (1/1)   Egan Bernal (1/2)   Primož Roglič (1/4)
2020   Tao Geoghegan Hart (1/1)   Tadej Pogačar (1/2)   Primož Roglič (2/4)
2021   Egan Bernal (2/2)   Tadej Pogačar (2/2)   Primož Roglič (3/4)
2022   Jai Hindley (1/1)   Jonas Vingegaard (1/2)   Remco Evenepoel (1/1)
2023   Primož Roglič (4/4)   Jonas Vingegaard (2/2)   Sepp Kuss (1/1)

Najuspešnejši kolesarji uredi

Poz. Kolesar Skupno Dirka po Franciji Dirka po Italiji Dirka po Španiji
1   Merckx, EddyEddy Merckx 11 5 (1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974) 5 (1968, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974) 1 (1973)
2   Hinault, BernardBernard Hinault 10 5 (1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985) 3 (1980, 1982, 1985) 2 (1978, 1983)
3   Anquetil, JacquesJacques Anquetil 8 5 (1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964) 2 (1960, 1964) 1 (1963)
4   Coppi, FaustoFausto Coppi 7 2 (1949, 1952) 5 (1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953)
  Indurain, MiguelMiguel Indurain 7 5 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995) 2 (1992, 1993)
  Contador, AlbertoAlberto Contador 7 2 (2007, 2009) 2 (2008, 2015) 3 (2008, 2012, 2014)
  Froome, ChrisChris Froome 7 4 (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017) 1 (2018) 2 (2011, 2017)
8   Binda, AlfredoAlfredo Binda 5 5 (1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1933)
  Bartali, GinoGino Bartali 5 2 (1938, 1948) 3 (1936, 1937, 1946)
  Gimondi, FeliceFelice Gimondi 5 1 (1965) 3 (1967, 1969, 1976) 1 (1968)
11   Rominger, TonyTony Rominger 4 1 (1995) 3 (1992, 1993, 1994)
  Heras, RobertoRoberto Heras 4 4 (2000, 2003, 2004, 2005)
  Nibali, VincenzoVincenzo Nibali 4 1 (2014) 2 (2013, 2016) 1 (2010)
  Roglič, PrimožPrimož Roglič 4 1 (2023) 3 (2019, 2020, 2021)

Zmage po državah uredi

Država Italija Francija Španija Skupaj
  Italija 69 10 6 85
  Francija 6 36 9 51
  Španija 4 12 32 48
  Belgija 7 18 8 33
  Združeno kraljestvo 2 6 3 11
  Švica 3 2 5 10
  Luksemburg 2 5 0 7
  Slovenija 1 2 3 6
  ZDA 1 3 2 6
  Nizozemska 1 2 2 5
  Kolumbija 2 1 2 5
  Nemčija 0 1 3 4
  Rusija 3 0 1 4
  Irska 1 1 1 3
  Danska 0 3 0 3
  Avstralija 1 1 0 2
  Švedska 1 0 0 1
  Kanada 1 0 0 1
  Ekvador 1 0 0 1
  Kazahstan 0 0 1 1

Zmagovalci etap uredi

Poz. Kolesar Francija Italija Španija Skupaj
1   Eddy Merckx 34 24 6 64
2   Mario Cipollini 12 42 3 57
3   Mark Cavendish 34 17 3 54
4   Alessandro Petacchi 6 22 20 48
5   Alfredo Binda 2 41 0 43
6   Bernard Hinault 28 6 7 41
7   Learco Guerra 8 31 0 39
8   Delio Rodríguez 0 0 39 39
9   Rik Van Looy 7 12 18 37
10   Freddy Maertens 15 7 13 35
11   Fausto Coppi 9 22 0 31
12   Costante Girardengo 0 30 0 30
13   Gino Bartali 12 17 0 29
14   Marino Basso 6 15 6 27
  Francesco Moser 2 23 2 27
16   Guido Bontempi 6 16 4 26
  Raffaele Di Paco 11 15 0 26
  Miguel Poblet 3 20 3 26
  Giuseppe Saronni 0 24 2 26
20   Franco Bitossi 4 21 0 25
  Laurent Jalabert 4 3 18 25
  André Leducq 25 0 0 25
  Rik Van Steenbergen 4 15 6 25
24   Roger De Vlaeminck 1 22 1 24
  Robbie McEwen 12 12 0 24
26   André Darrigade 22 1 0 23
27   Jacques Anquetil 16 5 1 22
  Jean Paul van Poppel 9 4 9 22
  André Greipel 11 7 4 22
30   Charly Gaul 10 11 0 21
  Sean Kelly 5 0 16 21

Sklici uredi

  1. 1,0 1,1 »UCI Cycling regulations—Part 2: Road Races« (PDF). 1. januar 2017. str. 64. Pridobljeno 6. julija 2017.
  2. »UCI Cycling regulations«. str. 41. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 23. junija 2011. Pridobljeno 20. julija 2012.
  3. McMahon, Daniel. »Tour de France, world's biggest annual sporting event, is an amazing race and breathtaking logistical feat«. Business Insider.