Odesa: Razlika med redakcijama
Izbrisana vsebina Dodana vsebina
popravki, sklici |
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Vrstica 5:
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Odessa-Montage-2016.png
| image_caption = '''V smeri urnega kazalca:''' Spomenik Armand-
| image_flag = Flag of Odessa.svg
| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Odessa.svg
Vrstica 22:
| established_date = 2. september 1794
| leader_title = Župan
| leader_name = Genadij Tuhanov<ref
| area_total_km2 = 162,42
| elevation_m = 40
Vrstica 29:
| population_total = 1.015.826
| population_as_of = 2021
|
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro =
Vrstica 43:
| utc_offset_DST = +3
}}
'''Odesa''' ([[ukrajinščina|ukrajinsko]] Одеса, {{jezik-ru|Одесса}}) je tretje največje mesto [[Ukrajina|Ukrajine]] in najpomembnejše [[pristanišče]] v državi. Leži na jugozahodu Ukrajine ob [[Črno morje|Črnem morju]]. Je upravno središče Odeškega [[Rajoni Ukrajine|rajona]] in [[Odeška oblast|Odeške oblasti]] ter gospodarsko in kulturno središče.
V času [[Sovjetska zveza|Sovjetske zveze]] je bilo pomorsko oporišče [[Sovjetska vojna mornarica|Sovjetske vojne mornarice]], od ruske aneksije [[Sevastopol
== Zgodovina ==
Vrstica 65 ⟶ 64:
V času proruskih protestov na jugovzhodu Ukrajine leta 2014 so med vladnimi podporniki in proruskimi protestniki izbruhnili spopadi. V streljanju sta umrla dva vladna podpornika in štirje proruski protestniki.<ref name="group2may-1-eng">{{cite web|title=Chronology of events May 2, 2014 in Odessa (in English). Part 1|url=http://2maygroup.blogspot.no/2016/01/chronology-of-events-may-2-2014-in.html|website=Группа 2 мая. (the 2 May Group)|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307055211/http://2maygroup.blogspot.no/2016/01/chronology-of-events-may-2-2014-in.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="group2may-1">{{cite web|title=Хронология событий 2 мая 2014 года в Одессе (на русском языке, уточненная). Часть 1 |trans-title =Chronology of events on May 2, 2014 in Odessa (in Russian, corrected). Part 1 |url=http://2maygroup.blogspot.no/2016/04/2-2014-1.html|website=May 2 Group|access-date=30 April 2017|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019073157/http://2maygroup.blogspot.no/2016/04/2-2014-1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Timer-2017-2">{{cite news|title=Трагедия 2 мая в Одессе. Реконструкция. Часть 2 — столкновение |trans-title =Tragedy on May 2 in Odessa. Reconstruction. Part 2 - collision |url=https://timer-odessa.net/statji/tragediya_2_maya_v_odesse_rekonstruktsiya_chast_2.html|access-date=30 April 2017|work=Таймер|date=28 April 2017|archive-date=2 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502160813/http://timer-odessa.net/statji/tragediya_2_maya_v_odesse_rekonstruktsiya_chast_2.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="OHCHR-killings">{{cite web|title=Accountability for killings in Ukraine from January 2014 to May 2016|url=http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/OHCHRThematicReportUkraineJan2014-May2016_EN.pdf|website=UN OHCHR|publisher=Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights|access-date=1 May 2017|archive-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213075027/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Countries/UA/OHCHRThematicReportUkraineJan2014-May2016_EN.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nato so vladni podporniki poskušali odstraniti tabor proruskih protestnikov na trgu [[Kulikove polje]], po čemer so se proruski protestniki zatekli v bližnjo Hišo sindikatov. Vladni podporniki so napadli Hišo sindikatov, ki se je vnela.<ref name="BBCfirereport2">{{cite news |date=4 May 2014 |title=How did Odessa's fire happen? |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27275383 |url-status=live |access-date=4 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911214952/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27275383 |archive-date=11 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="KilledBBC2">{{cite news |date=2 May 2014 |title=Dozens killed in Odessa fire amid clashes |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27259620 |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503172708/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27259620 |archive-date=3 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="GuardianODESSA2">{{cite news |date=2 May 2014 |title=Dozens killed in building fire in Odessa, ministry says |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/02/ukraine-crisis-pro-russian-forces-claim-assault-on-slavyansk-live-updates |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027041112/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/02/ukraine-crisis-pro-russian-forces-claim-assault-on-slavyansk-live-updates |archive-date=27 October 2014}}</ref> V napadu je umrlo 48 ljudi, od tega 46 proruskih protestnikov.<ref name="IAP 2015_31_33">{{cite report |url=https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048851b |title=International Advisory Panel Report |date=November 2015 |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421140830/https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048851b |archive-date=2022-04-21 |url-status=live |at=para. 31-33}}</ref> Čeprav so nekaj domnevnih storilcev kazensko preganjali, sojenja še ni bilo.<ref name="UN-UKR2">{{Cite web |last=Bogner |first=Matilda |date=2021-04-30 |title="7 years with no answers. What is lacking in the investigations of the events in odesa on 2 May 2014?" |url=https://ukraine.un.org/en/126054-7-years-no-answers-what-lacking-investigations-events-odesa-2-may-2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405062855/https://ukraine.un.org/en/126054-7-years-no-answers-what-lacking-investigations-events-odesa-2-may-2014 |archive-date=2022-04-05 |publisher=[[United Nations]] |location=[[Kyiv, Ukraine]]}}</ref> Leta 2015 je Mednarodna svetovalna komisija Sveta Evrope ugotovila, da je bila neodvisnost preiskave omejena z dokazi, ki kažejo na vpletenost policije<ref name="IAP 2015_32">{{cite report |url=https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048851b |title=International Advisory Panel Report |date=November 2015 |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421140830/https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048851b |archive-date=2022-04-21 |url-status=live |at=para. 284-285}}</ref> in da ukrajinske oblasti niso uspele celovito preiskati dogodkov.<ref name="IAP 2015_42">{{cite report |url=https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048851b |title=International Advisory Panel Report |date=November 2015 |publisher=[[Council of Europe]] |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421140830/https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168048851b |archive-date=2022-04-21 |url-status=live |at=para. 288}}</ref>
[[Ruska invazija na Ukrajino (2022)|Ruska invazija na Ukrajino leta 2022]] je blokirala odeško pristanišče.<ref>{{navedi novice |title=What you need to know about Russia's blockade of Odesa |date=2022-06-01 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/russias-blockade-odesa/story?id=85083666 |work=ABC News}}</ref> Mesto doslej ni bilo prizorišče večjih spopadov, je pa utrpelo več [[Bombardiranje Odese (2022)|zračnih napadov na vojaško in civilno infrastrukturo]]. Prvega avgusta 2022 je iz pristanišča izplula prva ladja z žitom od začetka invazije.<ref>{{navedi novice |title=Iz Odese izplula prva ladja z ukrajinskim žitom |date=2022-08-01 |url=https://www.delo.si/novice/svet/iz-odese-izplula-prva-ladja-z-ukrajinskim-zitom/ |work=Delo}}</ref>
== Prijateljska mesta ==
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