Nicolás Maduro: Razlika med redakcijama

Maduro je začel delati kot voznik avtobusa, kasneje je postal [[Sindikat|sindikalni]] vodja, leta 2000 je bil izvoljen v državni zbor. Imenovan je bil na številne položaje v venezuelski vladi pod Chavezom, kjer je bil leta 2006 zunanji minister. V tem času je bil opisan kot »najbolj sposoben administrator in politik v Chavezovem notranjem krogu«.<ref name="wsj">{{Navedi novice|title=Venezuela's Future in Balance|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324001104578168283496596560|accessdate=10. december 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=9 December 2012|last=de Córdoba, José|last2=Vyas, Kejal}}</ref> Po Chávezovi smrti 5. marca 2013 je Maduro prevzel pristojnosti in odgovornosti predsednika. Na posebnih predsedniških volitvah 14. aprila 2013 je Maduro dobil 50,62 % glasov kot kandidat Združene socialistične stranke Venezuele. 19. aprila je tudi uradno postal predsednik. <ref name="sworn"> [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22220526 "Nicolas Maduro prisegel kot novi venezuelski predsednik"] . BBC News. 19. april 2013. Pridobljeno 19. aprila 2013. </ref><ref name="WPdecree">{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/venezuelan-president-maduro-given-power-to-rule-by-decree/2013/11/19/af304c3c-516b-11e3-9ee6-2580086d8254_story.html|title=Venezuelan president Maduro given power to rule by decree|last=Diaz-Struck|first=Emilia|date=19 November 2013|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=27 April 2015|last2=Forero|first2=Juan|quote="Venezuela’s legislature on Tuesday gave President Nicolás Maduro decree powers that he says are necessary for an “economic offensive” against the spiraling inflation and food shortages buffeting the country’s economy ahead of important municipal elections."}}</ref><ref name="BBCdecree">{{Navedi novice|title=Venezuela: President Maduro granted power to govern by decree|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-31899510|accessdate=27 April 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=16 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="GUARDdecree">{{Navedi novice|title=Venezuela president declares economic emergency as inflation hits 141%|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/16/venezuela-president-declares-economic-emergency-as-inflation-hits-141|work=The Guardian|date=15 January 2016|accessdate=24 February 2016|issn=0261-3077|language=en-GB|first=Sibylla|last=Brodzinsky}}</ref><ref name="INDdecree">{{Navedi novice|last=Worely|first=Will|title=Venezuela is going to shut down for a whole week because of an energy crisis|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/venezuela-is-going-to-shut-down-for-a-whole-week-because-of-an-energy-crisis-a6939246.html|accessdate=12 May 2016|work=[[The Independent]]|date=18 March 2016}}</ref> Njegovo predsedovanje je sovpadalo s padcem družbenogospodarskega statusa Venezuele, kjer so se povečali kriminal, inflacija, revščina in lakota; analitiki so pripisali nazadovanje Venezuele tako gospodarski politiki Cháveza kot Madura,<ref>{{Navedi splet|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/21/americas/venezuelan-food-crisis-weight-loss/|title=Venezuelan food crisis reflected in skipped meals and weight loss|last=Osmary Hernandez, Mariano Castillo and Deborah Bloom|date=21 February 2017|website=[[CNN]]|accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/05/02/the-maduro-regime-is-heading-for-a-soviet-style-collapse-venezuela/|title=Venezuela Is Heading for a Soviet-Style Collapse|first=Anders|last=Aslund|date=2 May 2017|accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/2028442-cuando-el-barco-se-hunde|title=Cuando el barco se hunde|trans_title=When the ship sinks|language=es|first=Loris|last=Zanatta|date=30 May 2017|work=La Nación|accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="ELPAISfeb2015">{{Navedi novice|last=Scharfenberg|first=Ewald|title=Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela|url=http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/01/30/actualidad/1422646346_475356.html|accessdate=3 February 2015|agency=El Pais|date=1 February 2015}}</ref> medtem ko je Maduro krivil špekulacije in gospodarsko vojno, ki so jo vodili njegovi politični nasprotniki.<ref name="NYTjan20152">{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/opinion/mr-maduro-in-his-labyrinth.html|title=Mr. Maduro in His Labyrinth|date=January 26, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=January 26, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-24883849|title=Venezuela's government seizes electronic goods shops|date=9 November 2013|accessdate=19 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="econOFF2">{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2014/04/21/maduro-anuncia-que-el-martes-arranca-nueva-ofensiva-economica/|title=Maduro anuncia que el martes arranca nueva "ofensiva económica"|date=22 April 2014|work=La Patilla|accessdate=23 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="LNecon2">{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1684248-maduro-insiste-con-una-nueva-ofensiva-economica|title=Maduro insiste con una nueva "ofensiva económica"|date=23 April 2014|work=La Nacion|accessdate=1 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Edition.cnn.com2">{{Navedi splet|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/11/20/world/americas/venezuela-economy-decree-powers/|title=Decree powers widen Venezuelan president's economic war|date=20 November 2013|publisher=CNN|accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="ENeconoffense2">{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.el-nacional.com/economia/Primera-ofensiva-economica-inflacion-escasez_0_396560574.html|title=Primera ofensiva económica trajo más inflación y escasez|last=Yapur|first=Nicolle|date=24 April 2014|work=El Nacional|accessdate=25 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424172557/http://www.el-nacional.com/economia/Primera-ofensiva-economica-inflacion-escasez_0_396560574.html|archivedate=24 April 2014|deadurlurl-status=yesdead}}</ref> Zaradi pomanjkanja v Venezueli in znižanja življenjskega standarda so se v letu 2014 začeli protesti, ki so prerasli v dnevne pohode po vsej državi, na katerih je umrlo 43 ljudi. Vse to je vodilo v padec Madurove priljubljenosti <ref name="CNBCanalysts">{{Navedi novice|last=Washington|first=Richard|title='The Maduro approach' to Venezuelan crisis deemed unsustainable by analysts|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/06/22/analysts-deem-venezuelas-situation-unsustainable.html|accessdate=23 June 2016|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=22 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="BInightmare">{{Navedi novice|last=Lopez|first=Linette|title=Why Venezuela is a nightmare right now|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/how-venezuela-went-bad-2016-6|accessdate=23 June 2016|agency=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref name="Faria">{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/02/25/us-venezuela-protests-idUSKBN0LS29K20150225|title=Venezuelan teen dies after being shot at anti-Maduro protest|last=Faria|first=Javier|work=Reuters|accessdate=26 February 2015|date=25 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Usborne">{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/dissent-in-venezuela-maduro-regime-looks-on-borrowed-time-as-rising-public-anger-meets-political-repression-10070607.html|title=Dissent in Venezuela: Maduro regime looks on borrowed time as rising public anger meets political repression|last=Usborne|first=David|accessdate=26 February 2015}}</ref> Zaradi izgube priljubljenosti je na volitvah v državni zbor 2016 zmagala opozicija.

Po vstopu v ustavno krizo, ko je vrhovno sodišče, zvesto Maduru, odvzelo mnoge pristojnosti Državnemu zboru, so leta 2017 izbruhnili večmesečni protesti, zaradi česar je Maduro pozval k spremembi ustave in povzročil najmanj 153 smrtnih žrtev. Na mednarodno kritiziranih volitvah 30. julija 2017, ki jih je Venezuelska opozicija bojkotirala, je bila izvoljena Ustavodajna skupščina Venezuele, večina njenih izvoljenih članov je podpirala Madura.<ref name="BBCwhat2">{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40704184|title=What are Venezuelans voting for and why is it so divisive?|date=30 July 2017|work=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=30 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|first=Hugh|last=Bronstein|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/venezuela-politics-idINKBN1AE0JM|title=Venezuelan opposition promises new tactics after Sunday's vote|work=Reuters India|date=29 July 2017|accessdate=30 July 2017|language=en-IN}}</ref> Ustanovna skupščina je nato zelo omejila moč državnega zbora in sama postala glavno politično telo v državi.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Venezuelska ustavodajna skupščina si je podelila neomejena pooblastila|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/svet/venezuelska-ustavodajna-skupscina-si-je-podelila-neomejena-pooblastila/429643|website=RTVSLO.si|accessdate=2019-02-17|language=sl}}</ref> 20. maja 2018 je bil Maduro ponovno izvoljen kot predsednik na volitvah, ki jih veliko držav ni priznalo kot legitimne. ''Atlantski svet'' in ''Financial Times'' sta te [[volitve]] označila za farso.<ref>{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/venezuela-s-sham-election|title=Venezuela's Sham Election|last=Sen|first=Ashish Kumar|date=18 May 2018|work=[[Atlantic Council]]|accessdate=20 May 2018|language=en-gb|quote=Nicolás Maduro is expected to be re-elected president of Venezuela on May 20 in an election that most experts agree is a sham}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.ft.com/content/edd6c4a0-5906-11e8-b8b2-d6ceb45fa9d0|title=Venezuela's sham presidential election|last=|first=|date=16 May 2018|website=[[Financial Times]]|language=en-GB|accessdate=20 May 2018|quote=The vote, of course, is a sham. Support is bought via ration cards issued to state workers with the implicit threat that both job and card are at risk if they vote against the government. Meanwhile, the country's highest profile opposition leaders are barred from running, in exile, or under arrest.}}</ref> Udeležba je bila najnižja v sodobni Venezueli, nekateri opozicijski voditelji pa niso smeli sodelovati.<ref name=":9">{{Navedi novice|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-05-20/the-latest-pope-francis-prays-for-venezuelans|title=The Latest: Venezuela Opposition Calls Election a 'Farce'|last=|first=|date=21 May 2018|agency=Associated Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521015319/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-05-20/the-latest-pope-francis-prays-for-venezuelans|archivedate=21 May 2018|deadurlurl-status=yesdead|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=V Venezueli opozicija ne bo smela kandidirati na volitvah naslednje leto|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/svet/v-venezueli-opozicija-ne-bo-smela-kandidirati-na-volitvah-naslednje-leto/440186|website=RTVSLO.si|accessdate=2019-02-17|language=sl}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Maduro razglasil zmago, opozicija in ZDA izidov ne priznavajo|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/svet/s-in-j-amerika/maduro-razglasil-zmago-opozicija-in-zda-izidov-ne-priznavajo/455537|website=RTVSLO.si|accessdate=2019-02-17|language=sl}}</ref> Tako kot Chávez, je bil Maduro obtožen avtoritarnega vodstva,<ref name="DITboliburg">{{Navedi knjigo|last=Corrales|first=Javier|last2=Penfold|first2=Michael|title=Dragon in the tropics : Hugo Chavez and the political economy of revolution in Venezuela.|date=2014|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|location=[S.l.]|isbn=978-0815725930|page=xii|edition=2}}</ref> pri čemer so ga osrednji mediji opisali kot [[Diktator|diktatorja]], zlasti po prekinitvi gibanja za odpoklic predsednika, ki je bilo usmerjeno proti njemu. <ref>{{Navedi splet|last=Corrales|first=Javier|title=Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship|url=http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/venezuelas-odd-transition-dictatorship|website=[[Americas Quarterly]]|accessdate=10 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|last=Brodzinsky|first=Sibylla|title=Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/21/venezuela-president-maduro-recall-referendum|accessdate=10 December 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=21 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|title=Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro|url=http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2016/08/23/almagro-maduro-se-transforma-en-dictador-por-negarle-a-venezolanos-derecho-a-decidir-su-futuro/#0|accessdate=10 December 2016|work=[[CNN en Español]]|date=24 August 2016}}</ref> Po volitvah leta 2017 so ZDA sankcionirale Madura, tako da so zamrznili njegovo ameriško premoženje in mu prepovedali vstop v državo, z razlago, da je »diktator«.<ref name="SANCTIONED">{{Navedi splet|title=Treasury Sanctions the President of Venezuela|url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/sm0137.aspx|publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]]|accessdate=1 August 2017|date=31 July 2017}}</ref> Večina narodov v Ameriki in [[Zahodni svet|zahodnem svetu je]] prav tako zavrnila priznanje ustavodajne skupščine in veljavnost njegove ponovne izvolitve leta 2018, nekatere države pa so uvedle lastne sankcije proti njemu in njegovi upravi. <ref>{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.infobae.com/america/venezuela/2017/07/31/la-lista-de-los-40-paises-democraticos-que-hasta-el-momento-desconocieron-la-asamblea-constituyente-de-venezuela/|title=La lista de los 40 países democráticos que hasta el momento desconocieron la Asamblea Constituyente de Venezuela|date=31 July 2017|work=[[Infobae]]|accessdate=1 August 2017|language=es-LA}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2440793&CategoryId=10717|title=Almagro, 13 OAS Nations Demand Maduro Suspend Constitutional Assembly|date=26 July 2017|work=[[Latin American Herald Tribune]]|accessdate=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref name="teleSUR3">{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.telesurtv.net/news/Grupo-de-Lima-rechaza-elecciones-presidenciales-de-Venezuela-20180213-0062.html|title=Grupo de Lima rechaza elecciones presidenciales de Venezuela|date=13 February 2018|publisher=teleSUR|accessdate=14 February 2018}}</ref> Zavezniki, kot so Kitajska, Kuba, Iran, Rusija in Turčija, so ponudili podporo in obsodili vmešavanje v notranje zadeve Venezuele.<ref name=":1">{{Navedi splet|url=http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=2457094&CategoryId=10717|title=Latin American Herald Tribune - China Calls on Venezuela to Respect Maduro's Re-election|last=|first=|date=|website=www.laht.com|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=2019-01-15}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Navedi splet|url=https://sputniknews.com/latam/201805221064669838-maduro-venezuela-election-results-russia/|title=Maduro Thanks Putin for Recognizing Outcome of Venezuelan Presidential Election|last=Sputnik|website=sputniknews.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-15}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Latin-America-Rejects-OAS-Call-to-Cancel-Venezuela-Elections-20180223-0023.html|title=Latin America Rejects OAS Call to Cancel Venezuela Elections|last=|first=|date=|website=www.telesurenglish.net|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=2019-01-15|quote="A formal statement issued earlier on Friday and presented by Nicaragua's First Lady and Vice-President Rosario Murillo said: "The government of Nicaragua ratifies its invariable, principled position on respect for the sovereignty and independence of States and peoples." The statement went on to reiterate the Daniel Ortega administration's 'support for Venezuela, President Nicolas Maduro and the Bolivarian people in the defense of its institutions, its legislation and its own, sovereign and independent decisions.'"}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Navedi splet|url=https://havanatimes.org/?p=126497|title=Cuba Denounces US Campaign against Venezuela|last=Robinson|first=Circles|website=Havana Times|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|url=https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2019/01/19/586229/Qassemi-Pompeo-Venezuela-Abu-Dhabi|title=Iran supports Venezuelan government amid US meddling: Qassemi|last=|first=|date=January 19, 2019|website=[[PressTV]]|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/maduro-brother-stand-tall-erdogan-tells-venezuelan-president-after-us-move-140730|title=Maduro brother, stand tall, Erdoğan tells Venezuelan president after US move|last=|first=|date=24 January 2019|website=[[Anadolu Agency]]|archiveurl=|archivedate=|deadurl=|accessdate=}}</ref>