Metformin: Razlika med redakcijama

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Metformin bolniki na splošno dobro prenašajo.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Triggle CR, Ding H | title = Metformin is not just an antihyperglycaemic drug but also has protective effects on the vascular endothelium | journal = Acta Physiologica | volume = 219 | issue = 1 | pages = 138–151 | date = januar 2017 | pmid = 26680745 | doi = 10.1111/apha.12644 }}</ref> Pogosti [[neželeni učinek|neželeni učinki]] vključujejo [[driska|drisko]], [[slabost]] in bolečino v trebuhu.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Ob uporabi metformina je tveganje za pojav [[hipoglikemija|hipoglikemije]] (prenizke ravni krvnega sladkorja) majhno.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Pri neustrezni uporabi ali uporabi prevelikih odmekov obstaja tveganje za [[laktična acidoza|laktično acidozo]].<ref name="pmid21617112">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE | title = Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency | journal = Diabetes Care | volume = 34 | issue = 6 | pages = 1431–1437 | date = junij 2011 | pmid = 21617112 | pmc = 3114336 | doi = 10.2337/dc10-2361 }}</ref> Ne sme se uporabljati pri bolnikih s hujšo okvaro delovanja [[jetra|jeter]] ali [[ledvice|ledvic]].<ref name=AHFS2016 /> Pri uporabi med [[nosečnost]]jo ni znanega tveganja, vendar se pa nasplošno pri nosečnostni sladkorni bolezni priporoča [[inzulin]].<ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lautatzis ME, Goulis DG, Vrontakis M | title = Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review | journal = Metabolism | volume = 62 | issue = 11 | pages = 1522–1534 | date = november 2013 | pmid = 23886298 | doi = 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.006 }}</ref> Kot učinkovina iz skupine bigvanidov<ref name=AHFS2016>{{cite web|title=Metformin Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metformin-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2. 1. 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224162245/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metformin-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=24 December 2016|df=}}</ref> deluje tako, da znižuje [[glukoneogeneza|proizvodnjo glukoze]] v jetrih in poveča občutljivost tkiv za inzulin.<ref name=AHFS2016/>
 
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Metformin wasso discoveredodkrili inleta 1922.<ref name=Fis2010>{{cite book|last1=Fischer|first1=Janos|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery II|date=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-3-527-63212-1|pages=49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2Kd8ci4Ln8C&pg=PA49|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185310/https://books.google.com/books?id=h2Kd8ci4Ln8C&pg=PA49|archive-date=2017-09-08|df=}}</ref> FrenchV physician50-ih Jeanletih Sterneprejšnjega beganstoletja studyje inuporabo humanspri inljudeh thezačel 1950sraziskovati francoski zdravnik Jean Sterne.<ref name=Fis2010 /> ItKot waszdravilo introducedse asga av medicationFranciji inzačeli Franceuporabljati inleta 1957 and the United States in 1995.<ref name=AHFS2016 /><ref>{{cite book|last1=McKee|first1=Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L.|title=Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions : clinical implications and therapeutic strategies|date=2008|publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=St. Louis, Mo.|isbn=978-0-323-02964-3|page=217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49kLK--eumEC&pg=PA217|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185309/https://books.google.com/books?id=49kLK--eumEC&pg=PA217|archive-date=2017-09-08|df=}}</ref> It is on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]], the safest and most effective medicines needed in a [[health system]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Metformin is the most widely used medication for diabetes taken by mouth.<ref name=Fis2010/> It is available as a [[generic medication]].<ref name=AHFS2016 /> The wholesale price in the [[developed world]] was between {{US$}}0.21 and $5.55 per month {{as of|2014|lc=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Metformin|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=508&searchYear=2014|access-date=11 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803055731/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=508&searchYear=2014|archive-date=3 August 2017|df=}}</ref> In the United States, it costs {{US$|5}} to {{US$|25}} per month.<ref name=AHFS2016 /> In 2016, it was the fourth-most prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 81 million prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Top 300 of 2019 |url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx |website=clincalc.com |accessdate=22 December 2018}}</ref>
 
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Uvrščen je na seznam [[osnovno zdravilo|osnovnih zdravil]] [[Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija|Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije]], torej med najpomembnejša učinkovita in varna zdravila, potrebna za normalno zagotavljanje zdravstvene oskrbe.<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }}</ref> Na tržišču je že tudi v obliki [[večizvorno zdravilo|večizvornih (generičnih) zdravil]].<ref name=CBZ/>
 
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[[Kategorija:Antidiabetiki]]