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Vrstica 1: {{v delu}} {{Infopolje Vojaški spopad \| conflict = Tridesetletna vojna \| width = \| partof = evropskih verskih vojn \| image = [[Slika:The Hanging by Jacques Callot.jpg\|300px]] \| image_size = 300px \| alt = \| caption = Jacques Callot (1632): ''Veliki bede vojne'' \| date = 23. maj 1618 – 15. maj 1648<br />{{resize\|''(29 let, 11 mesecev, 3 tedne in 1 dan)''}} \| place = [[Srednja Evropa]] \| result = [[Westphalski mir]] * [[Protestantstvo\|Protestantski]] vladarji dovolijo nadaljevanje verske prakse * Upad vpliva katoliške cerkve v severni Evropi (vendar ne samo to)<ref>[http://www.articlemyriad.com/consequences-effects-thirty-years-war/ ''The Consequences and Effects of the Thirty Years War''] Kasnejše delitve v Evropi so ustvarile sliko, dokaj podobne sedanjemu stanju: katoliška področja na jugu in luteranska na severu. Še bolj pomemben je bil padec centralne oblasti katolške cerkve.</ref> * Izkoreninjenje protestantstva v habsburških deželah<ref>Do leta 1648 je bilo protestantstvo popolnoma izkoreninjeno na ozemljih sedanje Avstrije in Češke in delno na ozemljih Madžarske, Slovaške, vzhodne Šlezije, Slovenije, Hrvaške in Srbije.</ref> * Okrnjena nadoblast [[Habsburžani\|Habsburžanov]] * [[Španski imperij\|Špansko]] priznanje [[Republika Nizozemska\|Republike Nizozemske]] * [[Republika Nizozemska\|Nizozemsko]] priznanje španske suverenosti v [[Južna Nizozemska\|Južni Nizozemski]] in [[Kneževina Luksemburg\|Luksemburgu]] * Vzpon [[Francosko kraljestvo\|Francoskega kraljestva]] * Vzpon [[Švedsko cesarstvo\|Švedskega cesarstva]] * Upadanje [[Fevdalizem\|fevdalizma]] v kontinentalni Evropi<ref>{{cite book \|last=Helmolt \|first=Hans Ferdinand \|title=The World's History: Western Europe to 1800 \|year=1903 \|publisher=W. Heinemann \|isbn=978-0-217-96566-8 \|page = 573 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dLVLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA431 }}</ref> * Nadaljevanje decentralizacije [[Sveto rimsko cesarstvo\|Svetega rimskega cesarstva]] * Francosko-španska vojna (1635-1659) * Opustošenje in pomor prebivalstva v Srednji Evropi \| combatant1 = '''Protihabsburške države in zavezniki:''' <br /> [[Slika:Flag of Bohemia.svg\|24px]] Dežele češke krone (do 1620)<br /> {{Flagicon image\|Flag of The Electoral Palatinate (1604).svg}} Palatinat (do1632)<br /> [[Slika:Savoie flag.svg\|24px]] Kneževina Savoja (1618-1619) <br /> [[Slika:Banner of Gabriel Bethlen.svg\|24px]] Transilvanija (do 1621)<ref>Ágnes Várkonyi. ''Age of the Reforms''. Magyar Könyvklub publisher, 1999. ISBN 963-547-070-3.</ref><br /> [[Slika:Statenvlag.svg\|24px]] [[Nizozemska republika]] (od 1619)<br /> [[Slika:Flag of Denmark.svg\|24px]] Danska-Norveška (1625-1629)<br /> {{Flagcountry\|Kingdom of England}} {{resize\|(1625–30)}}{{NoteTag\|At war with Spain 1625–30 (and France 1627–29): 6000 Englishmen also fought under Charles Morgan in the Danish campaigns. These were largely drawn from the English brigade of four regiments which were based in the Dutch Republic.}}<br /> {{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[Kingdom of Scotland\|Scotland]] {{resize\|(1625–38)}}{{NoteTag\|Scotland declared war and fought against Spain 1625–1630 and France 1627–1629, mostly conducting the war at sea. In addition to providing 2000 troops for the campaign against France in 1627, Scottish privateers harried French shipping and captured and occupied Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, and Quebec. The Scottish Privy Council also provided warrants for 13,700 troops for Danish service who fought under Scottish flag with a Dannerbrog in the top left corner. These were led initially by the Catholic Robert Maxwell, [[Earl of Nithsdale]] and more famously by [[Donald Mackay, 1st Lord Reay\|Donald Mackay]] Lord Reay. In 1630, 8000 more Britons, mostly Scots led by James 3rd [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton\|Marquis Hamilton]] landed in Germany under British flag. They were explicitly called the "British army" and had been raised on warrants issued by the English and Scottish Privy councils for allied service alongside Sweden. They joined an estimated 12,000 Scots already in Swedish service commanded by General Sir [[James Spens (diplomat)\|James Spens]], [[Alexander Leslie]], [[Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Forth\|Patrick Ruthven]], and [[John Hepburn (soldier)\|John Hepburn]]. The latter man led a Scottish brigade in France from 1634 to 1636, after which it fell under the control of the Douglas family. Throughout the entire period of the war, the Scots maintained a brigade of three regiments in Dutch service. The 1625–1638 period represents the period of greatest engagement, though Scots were active as allies in the anti-Habsburg alliance throughout the whole course of the war.}}<br /> {{Flagicon image\|Flag of Hesse.svg}} [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel\|Hesse-Kassel]] {{resize\|(from 1629)}}<br /> {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Swedish Empire\|Sweden]] {{resize\|(from 1630)}}<br /> {{Flagcountry\|Electorate of Saxony}} {{resize\|(1630-1635)}}{{NoteTag\|Reconciled with the [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor\|Emperor]] and switched sides in the [[Peace of Prague (1635)]].\|name="Peace_of_Prague"}}<br /> {{Flagicon image\|Flag of Brandenburg (1660–1750).svg}} [[Brandenburg-Prussia]] {{resize\|(1631-1635)}}</small>{{NoteTag\|name="Peace_of_Prague"}}<br /> {{Coat of arms\|Brunswick-Lüneburg}} {{resize\|(from 1634)}}<br /> {{Flagcountry\|Kingdom of France}} {{resize\|(from 1635)}}<br /> ---- '''Supported by:'''{{plainlist}} * {{flagicon\|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ottoman Empire]] * {{Flagicon image\|Flag_of_Oryol_(variant).svg}} [[Russian Tsardom]]{{NoteTag\|Russia supported Sweden against Poland ([[Smolensk War]]).}}{{endplainlist}} \| combatant2 = '''Habsburg states and allies:'''<br /> {{Flag\|Holy Roman Empire}} * {{Flagicon image\|Catholic League (Germany).svg\|22px}} [[Catholic League (German)\|Catholic League]]{{NoteTag\|Abolished in the [[Peace of Prague (1635)]]. Its former members continued to support the [[Holy Roman Emperor]].}} * {{Flagicon image\|Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806).svg}} [[Habsburg Monarchy\|Austria]] {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Spanish Empire]]<br /> [[File:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg\|14px]] [[Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)\|Hungary]]<ref>Ervin Liptai: Military history of Hungary, Zrínyi Military Publisher, 1985. {{ISBN\|9633263379}}</ref><br /> {{Flagicon\|Denmark-Norway}} [[Denmark–Norway]] {{resize\|(1643–45)}}{{NoteTag\|[[Denmark–Norway]] fought Sweden and the Dutch Republic in the [[Torstensson War]].}} ---- '''Supported by:'''{{plainlist}} * {{Flagicon image\|Banner of Sigismund III Vasa.svg\|size=23px\|border=}} [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland\|Poland]]<!-- DO NOT CHANGE TO POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH AS LITHUANIA DID NOT TAKE PART IN THE CONFLICT --> * {{Flagicon image\|Zaporozhian Sich flag.svg\|border=}} [[Zaporizhian Sich\|Zaporizhian Cossacks]]{{endplainlist}} \| commander1 = {{plainlist}} * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden\|Gustavus Adolphus]]{{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Axel Oxenstierna]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Johan Banér]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Lennart Torstensson]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Gustav Horn, Count of Pori\|Gustav Horn]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Carl Gustaf Wrangel]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}} [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden\|Charles X Gustav]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[James Spens (diplomat)\|James Spens]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven\|Alexander Leslie]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of England}} [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton\|James 3rd Marquis Hamilton]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Louis XIII of France]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Anne of Austria]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Cardinal Richelieu]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Cardinal Mazarin]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Isaac Manasses de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres\|Marquis de Feuquieres]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)\|Henri, Prince of Condé]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Antoine III de Gramont\|Duke of Gramont]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Gaspard III de Coligny]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé\|Louis II de Bourbon]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Urbain de Maillé-Brézé]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} [[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne\|Vicomte de Turenne]] * {{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}}{{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[John Hepburn (soldier)\|John Hepburn]]{{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Bohemia}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of The Electoral Palatinate (1604).svg}} [[Frederick V of the Palatinate]] * {{Flagicon\|Bohemia}} [[Jindřich Matyáš Thurn]] * {{Flagicon\|Bohemia}} [[Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg\|Christian I of Anhalt-Bernburg]] * {{Flagicon\|Denmark-Norway}} [[Christian IV of Denmark]] * {{Flagicon\|Denmark-Norway}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[Robert Maxwell, 1st Earl of Nithsdale]] * {{Flagicon\|Denmark-Norway}}{{Flagicon\|Sweden\|1562}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}}[[Robert Monro]] * {{Flagicon\|Electorate of Saxony}} [[Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar]] * {{Flagicon\|Electorate of Saxony}} [[John George I of Saxony\|Johann Georg I of Saxony]] * {{Flagicon\|Electorate of Saxony}} [[Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[Maurice of Nassau]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[Piet Pieterszoon Hein]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[William of Nassau (1601–1627)\|William of Nassau]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[Frederik Hendrik of Orange]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[Maarten Tromp]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[Ernst Casimir]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} [[Hendrik Casimir I]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}}{{Flagicon\|Kingdom of England}} [[Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury\|Sir Horace Vere]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[William Brog]] * {{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[Sir Robert Henderson]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of England}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[James VI and I]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of England}}{{Flagicon image\|Flag of Scotland (1542–2003).svg}} [[Charles I of England\|Charles I]] * {{Flagicon\|Kingdom of England}} [[George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham\|Duke of Buckingham]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon image\|Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg}} [[Gabriel Bethlen]] * {{Flagicon\|Savoy}} [[Peter Ernst, Graf von Mansfeld\|Ernst von Mansfeld]] * {{Coat of arms\|Brunswick-Lüneburg\|text=[[Christian of Brunswick]]}} * {{Flagicon image\|Flag_of_Oryol_(variant).svg}} [[Mikhail Borisovich Shein]] * {{Flagicon\|Ottoman Empire}} [[Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha]]{{endplainlist}} \| commander2 = {{plainlist}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor\|Matthias]] * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor\|Ferdinand II]] * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor\|Ferdinand III]] * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] {{Executed}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}}{{Flagicon image\|Catholic League (Germany).svg\|22px}} {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly\|Count of Tilly]]{{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}}{{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy\|Count of Bucquoy]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}}{{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Ottavio Piccolomini]] * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}}{{Flagicon image\|Lorraine.svg}} [[Franz von Mercy]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Johann von Werth]] * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Raimondo Montecuccoli]] * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Peter Melander Graf von Holzappel]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Philip III of Spain]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Philip IV of Spain]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares\|Count-Duke of Olivares]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645)\|Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Ambrosio Spinola\|Marquess of Balbases]] {{KIA}} * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Carlos Coloma\|Marquess of Espinar]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, 3rd Duke of Feria\|Duke of Feria]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Francisco de Melo]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza\|Marquess of Valdueza]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} [[Diego Felipez de Guzmán, 1st Marquis of Leganés\|Marquess of Leganés]] * {{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}}{{Flagicon\|Kingdom of Ireland}} [[Owen Roe O'Neill]] * {{Flagicon image\|Catholic League (Germany).svg\|22px}}{{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}}{{Flagicon\|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Matthias Gallas]] * {{Flagicon image\|Catholic League (Germany).svg\|22px}} [[Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria\|Maximilian I of Bavaria]] * {{Flagicon image\|Catholic League (Germany).svg\|22px}}{{Flagicon image\|Lorraine.svg}} [[Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine]] * {{Flagicon image\|Banner of Sigismund III Vasa.svg\|size=23px\|border=}} [[Sigismund III of Poland]] * {{Flagicon image\|Zaporozhian Sich flag.svg\|border=}} [[Ivan Sirko]]{{endplainlist}} \| strength1 = {{plainlist}} * 149,000 Swedes (1632){{NoteTag\|[[Thirty Years' War#Swedish intervention (1630–1635)\|Swedish Intervention]]}} * 135,000 Danes (1625){{NoteTag\|[[Thirty Years' War#Danish intervention (1625–1629)\|Danish Military Intervention]]}} * 120,000 French (1635)<ref>{{cite web \|last = Johnson \|first = Curt \|title = The French Army of the Thirty Years' War: Introduction and Maison du Roi \|url = http://xenophongroup.com/EMW/article005.htm \|website=Xenophon Group \|publisher=Early Modern Warfare Society \|accessdate=11 January 2018 }}</ref> * 77,000 Dutch (1629)<ref>page 54 {{cite web \|url = http://www.pikeandshotsociety.org/documents/article4.pdf \|title = Review Article: Spain and the Netherlands in the 17th Century \|first=Neil \|last=Rennoldson \|accessdate=2014-10-07 \|url-status=dead \|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924073231/http://www.pikeandshotsociety.org/documents/article4.pdf \|archivedate=24 September 2015 \|df=dmy-all \|quote = When the Dutch army was increased to 77.000 in 1629 during the threatened Spanish invasion... }}</ref> * 6,000 Transylvanians<ref>"[[Gabriel Bethlen]]'s army numbered 5,000 Hungarian pikemen and 1,000 German mercenary, with the anti-Habsburg Hungarian rebels numbered together approx. 35,000 men." László Markó: ''The Great Honors of the Hungarian State'' (''A Magyar Állam Főméltóságai''), Magyar Könyvklub 2000. {{ISBN\|963-547-085-1}}</ref> * 60,000 Ottoman cavalry (as support to [[Frederick V of the Palatinate]]) * Other smaller forces{{endplainlist}} \| strength2 = {{plainlist}} * Over 150,000 [[Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)\|Imperial]] (1635) * Up to 300,000 Spanish<ref>{{cite web \|last = Trueman \|first = C. N. \|title=Military developments in the Thirty Years War \|url = http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/the-thirty-years-war/military-developments-in-the-thirty-years-war \|accessdate=16 July 2017 }}</ref> * About 20,000 Hungarian and [[Croats (military unit)\|Croatian cavalry]]<ref>''László Markó:'' The Great Honors of the Hungarian State (A Magyar Állam Főméltóságai), Magyar Könyvklub 2000. {{ISBN\|963-547-085-1}}</ref> * Other smaller forces{{endplainlist}} \| casualties1 = 110,000 Swedes<ref name="Clodfelter">{{cite book \|last = Clodfelter \|first = Micheal \|title = Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 \|year = 2017 \|publisher=McFarland \|isbn=978-0786474707 \|page = 40 }}</ref><hr>{{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} 50,000–60,000<ref name="militari" /><br />{{Flagicon\|Dutch Republic}} 1,835 ships (1626–34)<ref>{{cite book \|title=Spain, 1469-1714: A Society of Conflict \|year=2014 \|publisher=Routledge \|page=193 }}</ref><br />{{Flagicon\|Kingdom of France}} 300,000 (including the years 1648–59, after Westphalia)<ref name="Clodfelter" /> \| casualties2 = 118,000 Imperial<ref name=Clodfelter/><hr>{{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} 80,000–100,000<ref name="militari">{{cite web \|title = Victimario Histórico Militar \|url = http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario8.htm }}</ref><br />{{Flagicon\|Spain\|1506}} 100 warships and 20,000 crew casualties (1638–40) \| casualties3 = '''Total:''' 8,000,000 dead<ref>{{cite book \|last=Wilson \|year = 2009 \|first=P. \|title=Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War \|publisher=Penguin \|place=London \|page = 4 \|isbn=978-0-7139-9592-3 \|authorlink=Peter H. Wilson }}</ref> }} [[Slika:Thirtywar.gif\|thumb\|300px\|Zmaga [[Gustav II. Adolf\|Gustava II. Adolfa]] [[bitka pri Breitenfeldu (1631)\|pri Breitenfeldu]] (leta [[1631]])]] '''Tridesetletna vojna''', vojna v letih 1618–1648 na področju [[Sveto rimsko cesarstvo\|Svetega rimskega cesarstva]], vključene pa so bile tudi druge sile. Izbruhnila je zaradi nasprotij med [[protestanti]] in [[katoličani]] in prerasla v spor med [[cesar]]jem in [[Državni stanovi\|državnimi stanovi]] ter se končala kot boj za prevlado v cesarstvu. Leta 1630 je že kazalo, da se bo vojna končala, vendar se je vanjo vključila tudi [[Švedska]] in jo tako podaljšala še za nadaljnjih 18 let.

Tridesetletna vojna: Razlika med redakcijama