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Fluor: Razlika med redakcijama

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{{Infopolje Element
|name=fluor
|name2=fluora
|pronounce=flúor
|number=9
|symbol=F
|allotropes=alfa, beta
|left=[[kisik]]
|right=[[neon]]
|above=–
|below=[[klor|Cl]]
|series=dvoatomna nekovina
|series comment=
|group=17
|period=2
|block=p
|series color=
|appearance=plin: bledo rumen<br>tekočina: svetlo rumena<br>trdnina: alfa je moten, beta je brezbarven
|image name=Liquid fluorine tighter crop.jpg
|image name comment=Tekoči fluor pri [[kriogen]]skih temperaturah
|image alt=Majhen vzorec bledo rumenega tekočega vodika, ki se kondenzira v tekočem dušiku
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|image alt 2=
|atomic mass=18,998403163
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm 2013 Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=6
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=&#91;[[Helij|He]]&#93; 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>5</sup>
|electron configuration ref={{sfn|Jaccaud et al.|2000|p=381}}
|electrons per shell=2, 7
|color=
|phase=plin
|phase comment=
|density gplstp=1,696
|density gplstp ref={{sfn|Jaccaud et al.|2000| p=382}}
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3mp=
|density gpcm3bp=1,505
|density gpcm3bp ref={{sfn|Compressed Gas Association|1999|p=365}}
|melting point K=53,48
|melting point C=&minus;219,67
|melting point F=&minus;363,41
|melting point ref={{sfn|Haynes|2011|p=4.121}}
|boiling point K=85,03
|boiling point C=&minus;188,11
|boiling point F=&minus;306,60
|boiling point ref={{sfn|Haynes|2011|p=4.121}}
|triple point K=53,48
|triple point kPa=90
|triple point ref={{sfn|Haynes|2011|p=4.121}}
|critical point K=144,41
|critical point MPa=5,1724
|critical point ref={{sfn|Haynes|2011|p=4.121}}
|heat fusion 2=
|heat vaporization=6,51
|heat vaporization ref={{sfn|Jaccaud et al.|2000|p=382}}
|heat capacity=C<sub>p</sub>: 31
|heat capacity comment=(pri&nbsp;21,1&nbsp;°C)
|heat capacity ref={{sfn|Compressed Gas Association|1999|p=365}}
|heat capacity 2=C<sub>v</sub>: 23
|heat capacity 2 comment=(pri&nbsp;21,1&nbsp;°C)
|heat capacity 2 ref={{sfn|Compressed Gas Association|1999|p=365}}
|vapor pressure 1=38
|vapor pressure 10=44
|vapor pressure 100=50
|vapor pressure 1 k=58
|vapor pressure 10 k=69
|vapor pressure 100 k=85
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure prefix=
|crystal structure=kubična
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|oxidation states=−1
|oxidation states comment=(oksidirajoči kisik)
|electronegativity=3,98
|electronegativity ref={{sfn|Jaccaud et al.|2000|p=381}}
|number of ionization energies=4
|ionization energy 1=1681
|ionization energy 2=3374
|ionization energy 3=6147
|ionization energy ref={{sfn|Dean|1999|p=4.6}}
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=64
|covalent radius ref={{sfn|Dean|1999|p=4.35}}
|Van der Waals radius=135
|Van der Waals radius ref={{sfn|Matsui|2006|p=257}}
|covalent radius comment=
|magnetic ordering=[[diamagnetizem|diamagnetik]] (−1,2×10<sup>−4</sup>)
|magnetic ordering ref={{sfn|Mackay|Mackay|Henderson|2002|p=72}}{{sfn|Cheng et al.|1999}}
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=0,02591
|thermal conductivity ref={{sfn|Yaws|Braker|2001|p=385}}
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=7782-41-4
|CAS number ref={{sfn|Jaccaud et al.|2000|p=381}}
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay2 | link=Fluor-18 | mn=18 | sym=F | na=[[radioaktivni izotop v sledovih|sled]] | hl=109,77&nbsp;min
| dm1=[[emisija pozitrona|β<sup>+</sup>]] (96,9%) | de1=0,634 | link1=kisik-18 | pn1=18 | ps1=O
| dm2=[[zajetje elektrona|ε]] (3,1%) | de2=1,656 | pn2=18 | ps2=O }}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=Fluor-19 | mn=19 | sym=F | na=100% | n=10 |firstlinks=yes}}
|isotopes comment=reference{{sfn|Chisté|Bé|2011}}
|naming=po mineralu [[fluorit]]u, katerega ime izhaja iz lat. ''{{lang|la|fluo}}'' (pretakati se)
|predicted by=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=[[André-Marie Ampère]]
|discovery date=1810
|first isolation by=[[Henri Moissan]]{{sfn|Jaccaud et al.|2000| p=381}}
|first isolation date=26. junij, 1886
|named by=[[Humphry Davy]]
|named date=
|history comment label=
|history comment=
}}
 
'''Flúor''' ([[latinščina|latinsko]] ''fluorum'' - latinski [[glagol]] fluere pomeni ''pretakati se''), je [[kemični element|kemijski element]], ki ima v [[periodni sistem elementov|periodnem sistemu]] simbol F, njegovo [[vrstno število|atomsko število]] pa je [[9 (število)|9]]. To je [[strup]]en bledo [[rumena|rumen]], [[univalentnost|univalenten]] [[plin]]ski [[halogen]], ki je najbolj kemijsko reaktiven in [[elektronegativnost|elektronegativen]] od vseh elementov. Zato ga v naravi nikoli ni v čisti obliki, le v [[spojina]]h. Tudi njegove spojine so tudi zelo agresivne. [[Fluorovodikova kislina]] razžre celo [[steklo]] ali običajne zaščitne rokavice (iz lateksa). Tudi na koži fluor in številne njegove spojine povzročajo opekline. Zato je [[kemija]] fluora izredno nevarna in zahteva strokovno usposobljenost.
 
== Uporaba fluora ==
Fluor se največ uporablja v [[Jedrska energija|jedrski]] industriji, saj z njegovo pomočjo ločita [[uran]]ova [[izotop]]a U(235)in U(238).
Fluoridni [[ion]]i so tudi v [[zob]]nih pastah, koristno je namreč, če z njimi nadomestimo hidroksidne ione v [[Mineral|mineralu]] [[Apatit|apatitu]], ki sestavlja zobno [[sklenina|sklenino]].
Uporablja se tudi za ustvarjanje vročih [[plamen]]ov (s plamenom [[vodik]]a in fluora npr. dosežejo 3700 C).
 
==Viri==
 
=== Sklici===
{{Reflist|21em}}{{bots|deny=Citation bot}}
 
===Indeksirani sklici===
{{Refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
*<span id="{{harvid|Jaccaud et al.|2000}}" class="citation">{{cite doi|10.1002/14356007.a11_293|noedit}}</span>
*{{cite book|editor-last=Haynes|editor-first=William M.|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|publisher=CRC Press|edition=92nd|date=2011|location=Boca Raton|isbn=1-4398-5511-0|ref={{harvid|Haynes|2011}}}}
*{{cite book|author=Compressed Gas Association|title=Handbook of Compressed Gases|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|edition=4th|date=1999|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-412-78230-5|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Dean|first=John A.|title=Lange's Handbook of Chemistry|edition=15th|publisher=McGraw-Hill|date=1999|isbn=0-07-016190-9|location=New York|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Yaws|first1=Carl L.|last2=Braker|first2=William|title=Matheson Gas Data Book|chapter=Fluorine|publisher=Matheson Tri-Gas|location=Parsippany|date=2001|isbn=978-0-07-135854-5|edition=7th|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last1=Mackay|first1=Kenneth Malcolm|last2=Mackay|first2=Rosemary Ann|last3=Henderson|first3=W.|title=Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry|date=2002|edition=6th|publisher=Nelson Thornes|location=Cheltenham|isbn=0-7487-6420-8|ref=harv}}
*<span id="{{harvid|Cheng et al.|1999}}" class="citation">{{cite doi|10.1021/jp9844720|noedit}}</span>
*{{cite report|last1=Chisté|first1=V.|last2=Bé|first2=M. M.|chapter=F-18|url=http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/F-18_tables.pdf|title=Table de radionucléides|publisher=CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), LIST, LNE-LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique)|accessdate=15 June 2011|display-editors=4|editor=Bé, M. M.|editor2=Coursol, N.|editor3=Duchemin, B.|editor4=Lagoutine, F.|editor5=Legrand, J.|editor6=Debertin, K.|editor7=Schönfeld, E.|date=2011|ref={{harvid|Chisté|Bé|2011}}}}
 
{{Wikislovar|fluor|Fluor}}
{{Refend}}
 
{{kemični elementi}}
 
 
{{Element-stub}}
 
[[Kategorija:Kemični elementi]]
[[Kategorija:Halogeni]]
[[Kategorija:1886 v znanosti]]
{{normativna kontrola}}
Pridobljeno iz »https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluor«