Elektromotor: Razlika med redakcijama
Izbrisana vsebina Dodana vsebina
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zgodovina |
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Vrstica 9:
* motorje na [[enosmerni električni tok|enosmerni tok]] (DC)
* motorje na [[izmenični tok]] (AC)
== Zgodovina ==
=== Enosmerni motorji ===
Verjetno je prvi elektromotor ustvaril Škotski menih Andrew Gordon (1740-ta).<ref name="Gordon">Tom McInally, The Sixth Scottish University. The Scots Colleges Abroad: 1575 to 1799 (Brill, Leiden, 2012) p. 115</ref> Leta 1821 je Michael Faraday demonstriral pretvorbo električne energije v mehansko s pomočjo elektromagnetizma. 1827 je Anyos Jedlik rešil tehnične probleme konstantnega vrtenja z iznajdbo komutatorja. 1828 je demonstriral prvo napravo, ki vsebuje tri glavne komponente enosmernih motorjev: stator, rotor ter komutator. Naprava ni vsebovala magnetov, saj so magnetna polja skozi vse komponente ustvarili tokovi skozi njihova navitja.<ref name="Guillemin (1891)">{{cite book|last=Guillemin|first=Amédée|trans-title=Electricity and Magnetism|year=1891|publisher=McMillan and Co.|title='Le Magnétisme et l'Électricitée'|others=trans., ed. & rev. from the French by Sylvanus P. Thompson|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QznSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Nature">{{cite journal|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|title=Anianus Jedlik|first=Augustus|last=Heller|publisher=Norman Lockyer|date=April 1896|volume=53|issue=1379|page=516|bibcode=1896Natur..53..516H|doi=10.1038/053516a0}}</ref><ref name="Blundel (2012)">{{cite book|last=Blundel|first=Stephen J.|title=Magnetism A Very Short Introduction.|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-960120-2|url=http://www.amazon.com/Magnetism-Introduction-Stephen-J-Blundell/dp/0199601208#reader_0199601208|page=36|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref name="Thein (2009)">{{cite web|last=Thein|first=M.|title=Elektrische Maschinen in Kraftfahrzeugen|trans_title=Electric Machines in Motor Vehicles|language=German|url=http://www.fh-zwickau.de/mbk/kfz_ee/praesentationen/Elma-Gndl-Generator%20-%20Druckversion.pdf|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/phil_Fak_I/Philosophie/Wissenschaftsgeschichte/Termine/E-Maschinen-Lexikon/Chronologie.htm|title=Elektrisiermaschinen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert – Ein kleines Lexikon ''("Electrical machinery in the 18th and 19th centuries – a small thesaurus")''|chapter=Elektrische Chronologie|date=March 31, 2004|accessdate=August 23, 2010|publisher=[[University of Regensburg]]|language=German}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/phil_Fak_I/Philosophie/Wissenschaftsgeschichte/Termine/E-Maschinen-Lexikon/Chronologie.htm|title=Elektrisiermaschinen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert – Ein kleines Lexikon ''("Electrical machinery in the 18th and 19th centuries – a small thesaurus")''|chapter=Elektrische Chronologie|date=March 31, 2004|accessdate=August 23, 2010|publisher=[[University of Regensburg]]|language=German}}</ref><ref name="Electropaedia (home)">{{cite web|title=Battery and Energy Technologies, Technology and Applications Timeline|url=http://www.mpoweruk.com/timeline.htm|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Jedlik_motor.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jedlik_motor.jpg|sličica|200x200_pik|[[wikipedia:Ányos_Jedlik|Jedlik]]<nowiki/>ov "electromagnetni samo-rotor", 1827 (Budimpešta). Odlično deluje še danes.<ref name="TravelHungary (Dynamo)">{{cite web|title=The first dinamo?|url=http://www.traveltohungary.com/english/articles/article.php?id=136|publisher=travelhungary.com|accessdate=12 February 2013}}</ref>]]
Pruski Moritz von Jacobi je maja 1834 dokončal prvi pravi električni motor. Njegov motor je postavil svetovni rekord, ki ga je prekosil Jacobi sam štiri leta kasneje, septembra 1838. Drugi motor je bil dovolj močan, da je poganjal ladjo s štirinajstimi ljudmi čez široko reko.
Prvi komutator za enosmerni elektromotor, ki je bil sposoben obračati gred naprave je izumil William Sturgeon leta 1832.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gee|first=William|others=|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|chapter=Sturgeon, William (1783–1850)|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/26748}}</ref>
Njegovo delo je nadeljeval Thomas Davenport, ki je 1837 patentiral komutatorski enosmerni električni motor za namen komercialne rabe. Motor se je vrtel s 600 obrati na minuto in je poganjal naprave in tiskalni stroj.<ref name="Garrison (1998)">{{cite book|last=Garrison|first=Ervan G.|title=A History of Engineering and Technology: Artful Methods|year=1998|url=https://books.google.ca/books/about/A_History_of_Engineering_and_Technology.html?id=5mvVElGudyYC&redir_esc=y|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=0-8493-9810-X|edition=2nd|accessdate=May 7, 2009}}</ref>
Zaradi visoke cene elektrike so bili motorji komercialno neuspešni in Davenport je bankrotiral. V tistem času namreč ni bilo električne distribucije, zato se vsi izumitelji za njim srečali z isto težavo - pomanjkanjem trga.<ref name="Nye (1990)">{{cite book|title=Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology|last=Nye|first=David E.|url=http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/electrifying-america|year=1990|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-64030-5|ref=harv}}</ref>
1855 je Jedlik ustvaril napravo s podobnim principom delovanja kot njegov prvi izum, ki je bila sposobna aplikativne uporabe. Istega leta je zgradil model električnega vozila.<ref name="Guillemin (1891)2">{{cite book|last=Guillemin|first=Amédée|trans-title=Electricity and Magnetism|year=1891|publisher=McMillan and Co.|title='Le Magnétisme et l'Électricitée'|others=trans., ed. & rev. from the French by Sylvanus P. Thompson|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=QznSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Electropaedia (home)2">{{cite web|title=Battery and Energy Technologies, Technology and Applications Timeline|url=http://www.mpoweruk.com/timeline.htm|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Hungarianscience (Frankfurt)">{{cite web|title=Exhibition on the History of Hungarian Science|url=http://www.frankfurt.matav.hu/angol/magytud.htm|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref>
Ključna točka razvoja enosmernih elektromotorjev se je zgodila 1864, ko je Antonio Pacinotti opisal armaturo (del motorja, ki se vrti) v obliki prstana s simetrično razporejenimi tuljavami, ki so kratkostično vezane same nase in povezane na komutator, katerega ščetke so dovajale praktično nevalovit tok. <ref name="Antonio Pacinotti">{{cite web|title=Antonio Pacinotti|url=http://ethw.org/Antonio_Pacinotti}}</ref><ref name="Klein">{{cite web||title=The Power Makers: Steam, Electricity, and the Men Who Invented Modern America|url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=w0o5Ld53wAEC&pg=PT164&lpg=PT164&dq=pacinotti+dc+motor&source=bl&ots=s9gxdk7Xb1&sig=6bXaoWnI8s1M1SXb-cQl9KUtzLc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_-u_B75PLAhWBPpQKHTksCO8Q6AEIODAG#v=onepage&q=pacinotti%20dc%20motor&false}}</ref>
Prvi komercialno uspešni enosmerni motorji sledijo po iznajdbi Zenoba Gramma, ki je 1871 ponovno odkril Pacinottijev dizajn. 1873 je pokazal, da se lahko njegov dinamo uporablja kot motor, kar je demonstriral na razstavi na Dunaju in v Filadelfiji, tako da je povezal dva enosmerna motorja na razdalji 2km in enega uporabil kot generator.<ref name="gamme">{{cite conference|url=http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/270.html|title=Zénobe Théophile Gramme|accessdate=2012-09-19|booktitle=Invent Now, Inc. Hall of Fame profile.}}</ref>
=== Izmenični elektromotorji ===
1824 je Francoz Francois Arago formuliral obstoj rotacijskega magnetnega polja, poimenovano Aragove rotacije, ki jih je Walter Baily demonstriral 1879 v obliki prvega primitivnega indukcijskega motorja. <ref name="Babbage (1825)">{{cite journal|last=Babbage|first=C.|author2=Herschel, J. F. W.|title=Account of the Repetition of M. Arago's Experiments on the Magnetism Manifested by Various Substances during the Act of Rotation|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society|volume=115|issue=0|pages=467–496|doi=10.1098/rstl.1825.0023|url=https://archive.org/stream/philtrans03806447/03806447#page/n0/mode/2up|accessdate=2 December 2012|date=Jan 1825}}</ref><ref name="Bailey (1879)">{{Cite journal|first=Walter|last=Baily|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=85AOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA286&lpg=PA286|title=A Mode of Producing Arago's Rotation|date=June 28, 1879|journal=Philosophical magazine: A journal of theoretical, experimental and applied physics|publisher=Taylor & Francis}}</ref> V 1880-ih letih so se izumitelji mučili, da bi razvili motorje na izmenično električno napetost,<ref name="Jonnes (2004)">{{Cite book|first=Jill|last=Jonnes|title=Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World|publisher=Random House|year=2004|page=180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_58p3Z69bIC&pg=PT162&lpg=PT162&dq=tesla+%22motors+were+in+the+air%22&source=bl&ots=6T_6E2qmuT&sig=8YDP2sdzVB13V-KtO0xxdm0_Ae4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lflNUMLUH6Tw0gHLlYCIDA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tesla%20%22motors%20were%20in%20the%20air%22&f=false}}</ref> saj je bila uporabnost tovrstnega napajanja kljub zmožnosti prenosa na dolge razdalja bistveno zmanjšana, saj ni bilo zmožno poganjati takratnih motorjev.
Prva izmenična induktivna motorja sta neodvisno izumila Galileo Ferraris (1885) in Nikola Tesla (1888). 1888 je Akademija znanosti v Turinu objavila Ferrarrisove raziskave o podrobnostih delovanja motorja, vendar je poleg napisala, "da aparati, ki delujejo na tovrstnem principu delovanja niso komercialno pomembni kot motor".<ref name="Vuckovic">{{cite journal|last=Vučković|first=Vladan|journal=The Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineers|title=Interpretation of a Discovery|date=November 2006|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-4869/2006/1451-48690603202V.pdf|accessdate=10 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ferraris (1888)">{{cite journal|last=Ferraris|first=G.|title=Atti della Reale Academia delle Science di Torino|journal=Atti della R. Academia delle Science di Torino|year=1888|volume=XXIII|pages=360–375}}</ref><ref name="TFI (now)">{{cite web|last=The Case Files: Nikola Tesla|title=Two-Phase Induction Motor|url=http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/tesla/motor.html|publisher=The Franklin Institute|accessdate=2 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Galileo Ferraris Physicist, Pioneer of Alternating Current Systems (1847–1897) Inventor of the Induction Motor "Father of three-phase current" - Electrotechnical Congress, Frankfurt 1891|url=http://edisontechcenter.org/GalileoFerraris.html|publisher=Edison Tech Center|accessdate=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Smil (2005)">{{Cite book|first=Vaclav|last=Smil|title=Creating the Twentieth Century:Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZANP8uYlu1cC&pg=PA76|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-988341-7|page=76}}</ref><ref name="Froehlich (1998)">{{Cite book|first=Fritz E.|last=Froehlich|author2=[[Allen Kent|Kent, Allen]]|title=The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 17 - Television Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8j5bJ5OkGpgC&pg=PA37|accessdate=10 October 2012|date=1 December 1998|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8247-2915-8|pages=37–}}</ref><ref name="Drury2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDQHzeEmSfUC&pg=PR14&lpg=PR14&dq=tesla+Ferraris+induction&source=bl&ots=SLjNT7Ui97&sig=Mvp66d6LH3KWUxrjdVBvFpl-lbY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eGx3UNCXKLCB0QHH1YFA&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=tesla%20Ferraris%20induction&f=false|first=Bill|last=Drury|title=Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook|page=xiv|year=2001|publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers|isbn=978-0-85296-793-5}}</ref><ref name="Langsdorf (1955)">{{cite book|first=Alexander Suss|last=Langsdorf|title=Theory of Alternating-Current Machinery|year=1955|edition=2nd|page=245|url=https://books.google.ca/books/about/Theory_of_Alternating_Current_Machinery.html?id=zKVd780XHGcC&redir_esc=y|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill|isbn=0-07-099423-4}}</ref><ref name="EAE (1977)">{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia Americana|volume=19|year=1977|page=518}}</ref><ref name="Ferraris (EBE)">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204963/Galileo-Ferraris|title=Galileo Ferraris|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="Biography of Galileo Ferraris">{{cite web|url=http://profiles.incredible-people.com/galileo-ferraris/|title=Biography of Galileo Ferraris|publisher=Incredible People - Biographies of Famous People}}</ref><ref name="Neidhofer (2007)">{{cite journal|last=Neidhöfer|first=Gerhard|title=Early Three-Phase Power (History)|journal=IEEE Power and Energy Magazine|volume=5|issue=5|pages=88–100|doi=10.1109/MPE.2007.904752|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4295047&contentType=Journals+%26+Magazines&queryText%3Dearly+three-phase+power+winner+in+the+development+of+polyphase}}</ref><ref name="Pansini (1989)">{{cite book|title=Basic of Electric Motors|last=Pansini|first=Anthony J.|year=1989|publisher=Pennwell Publishing Company|isbn=0-13-060070-9|page=45|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=CxQdC6xPFSwC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=GALILEO+FERRARIS+AC+MOTOR+INVENTION&source=web&ots=jjeS-hcv2T&sig=cYbNfNNeVwvMIhR-JCP8uReedRU&hl=it&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>
1888 je Tesla predstavil svoj papir ''Nov sistem za motorje z izmenično napetostjo in transformatorje'' ameriškemu inštitutu za električne inženirje, ki opisuje tri patentirane dvofazne statorsko štirifazne tipe motorjev:
1. s štiripolnim rotorjem, oziroma nesamozagonski reluktančni motor
2. z navitim rotorjem, oziroma samozagonski asinhronski motor
3. z neodvisnim enosmernim napajanjem navitja rotorja, oziroma sinhronski motor
1887 Tesla sicer patentira tudi indukcijski motor z rotorjem s krajšim navitjem. George Westinghouse je brž kupil Teslove patente, ga zaposlil in določil C.F. Scotta, da mu pomaga, vendar je Tesla družbo čez dve leti zaradi drugih načrtov zapustil leta 1889.<ref name="Vuckovic2">{{cite journal|last=Vučković|first=Vladan|journal=The Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineers|title=Interpretation of a Discovery|date=November 2006|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1451-4869/2006/1451-48690603202V.pdf|accessdate=10 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Drury">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDQHzeEmSfUC&pg=PR14&lpg=PR14&dq=tesla+Ferraris+induction&source=bl&ots=SLjNT7Ui97&sig=Mvp66d6LH3KWUxrjdVBvFpl-lbY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eGx3UNCXKLCB0QHH1YFA&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=tesla%20Ferraris%20induction&f=false|first=Bill|last=Drury|title=Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook|page=xiv|year=2001|publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers|isbn=978-0-85296-793-5}}</ref><ref name="Ferraris (EBE)2">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204963/Galileo-Ferraris|title=Galileo Ferraris|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name="Biography of Galileo Ferraris2">{{cite web|url=http://profiles.incredible-people.com/galileo-ferraris/|title=Biography of Galileo Ferraris|publisher=Incredible People - Biographies of Famous People}}</ref><ref name="Neidhofer (2007)2">{{cite journal|last=Neidhöfer|first=Gerhard|title=Early Three-Phase Power (History)|journal=IEEE Power and Energy Magazine|volume=5|issue=5|pages=88–100|doi=10.1109/MPE.2007.904752|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4295047&contentType=Journals+%26+Magazines&queryText%3Dearly+three-phase+power+winner+in+the+development+of+polyphase}}</ref><ref name="Pansini (1989)2">{{cite book|title=Basic of Electric Motors|last=Pansini|first=Anthony J.|year=1989|publisher=Pennwell Publishing Company|isbn=0-13-060070-9|page=45|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=CxQdC6xPFSwC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=GALILEO+FERRARIS+AC+MOTOR+INVENTION&source=web&ots=jjeS-hcv2T&sig=cYbNfNNeVwvMIhR-JCP8uReedRU&hl=it&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Alger (1976)">{{cite journal|last=Alger|first=P.L.|author2=Arnold, R.E.|title=The History of Induction Motors in America|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|year=1976|volume=64|issue=9|pages=1380–1383|doi=10.1109/PROC.1976.10329}}<!--|accessdate=1 December 2012--></ref><ref name="Klooster (2009)">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKuG-VIwID8C&pg=PA305&lpg=PA305&dq=tesla+hired+by+westinghouse&source=bl&ots=KDI0aTz0EK&sig=oct2jnPyWkQ3qvUR-JmstK9F0FI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jRwxUKK3LtS80QHjxoGYAg&sqi=2&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=tesla%20hired%20by%20westinghouse&f=false|first=John W.|last=Klooster|title=Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates|page=305|publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC|year=2009|accessdate=10 September 2012|isbn=978-0-313-34746-7}}</ref><ref name="Day (1996)">{{cite book|editor-last1=Day|editor-first1=Lance|title=Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology|year=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-203-02829-5|editor-last2=McNeil|editor-first2=Ian|page=1204|accessdate=2 December 2012|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=n--ivouMng8C&pg=PA1204&lpg=PA1204&dq=tesla+induction+motor+patent&source=bl&ots=CwZdCXFBMs&sig=yHtXcB6ukl3dO26c73h884URzsI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1VpOUKCPAaLv0gGb14HwAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=tesla%20induction%20motor%20patent&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Froehlich (1992)">{{cite book|last=Froehlich|first=Fritz E. Editor-in-Chief|author2=[[Allen Kent]] Co-Editor|title=The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 17 - Television Technology to Wire Antennas|year=1992|publisher=Marcel Dekker, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=0-8247-2902-1|url=http://www.amazon.com/Froehlich-Kent-Encyclopedia-Telecommunications-Television/dp/0824729153#reader_0824729153|edition=First|accessdate=2 December 2012|page=36}}</ref><ref name="TEE (1888)">{{cite book|last=The Electrical Engineer|date=21 Sep 1888|title=... a new application of the AC in the production of rotary motion was made known almost simultaneously by two experimenters, Nikola Tesla and Galileo Ferraris, and the subject has attracted general attention from the fact that no commutator or connection of any kind with the armature was required ...|publisher=Charles & Co.|volume=Volume II|location=London|page=239|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=_KvmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=The+electrical+engineer+1888+by+two+experimenters,+Nikola+Tesla+and+Galileo+Ferraris&source=bl&ots=O9MmzKi-0t&sig=GQS21Uaduwa2VUfA55rO7bx7LgM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fdG6UMrVNImBywHy44AI&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=The%20electrical%20engineer%201888%20by%20two%20experimenters%2C%20Nikola%20Tesla%20and%20Galileo%20Ferraris&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Sravastava">{{cite journal|title=Electromagnetic Rotation with an Alternating Current|first=Galileo|last=Ferraris|journal=Electrican|volume=36|year=1885|pages=360–375}}</ref><ref name="Tesla (1888)">{{cite journal|last=Tesla|first=Nikola|author2=AIEE Trans.|pages=308–324|title=A New System for Alternating Current Motors and Transformers|journal=AIEE|year=1888|volume=5|url=http://www.tfcbooks.com/tesla/1888-05-16.htm|accessdate=17 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="Harris (web)">{{Cite web|last=Harris|first=William|url=http://science.howstuffworks.com/nikola-tesla2.htm|title=How Did Nikola Tesla Change the Way We Use Energy?|page=3|publisher=Howstuffworks.com|year=2008|accessdate=10 September 2012}}</ref>
Konstantna hitrost izmeničnih indukcijskih motorjev ni bila primerna za tramvaje, vendar so Westinghouse inženirji adaptirali motor za uporabo v rudniku leta 1891.<ref name="Jonnes (2004)2">{{Cite book|first=Jill|last=Jonnes|title=Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World|publisher=Random House|year=2004|page=180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_58p3Z69bIC&pg=PT162&lpg=PT162&dq=tesla+%22motors+were+in+the+air%22&source=bl&ots=6T_6E2qmuT&sig=8YDP2sdzVB13V-KtO0xxdm0_Ae4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lflNUMLUH6Tw0gHLlYCIDA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tesla%20%22motors%20were%20in%20the%20air%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Maddox (2003)">{{Cite book|first=D. M.|last=Mattox|title=The Foundations of Vacuum Coating Technology|publisher=Random House|year=2003|isbn=0-8155-1495-6|page=39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=31O4upzTHQwC&pg=PA39&dq=In+1891+Telluride+westinghouse+induction+motor&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Qc3PUP-ZA--n0AHah4HwBA&sqi=2&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=In%201891%20Telluride%20westinghouse%20induction%20motor&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Hughes (1993)">{{cite book|first=Thomas Parke|last=Hughes|title=Networks of Power: Electrification in Western society, 1880–1930|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|page=117|isbn=0-8018-2873-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g07Q9M4agp4C&pg=PA117&dq=Galileo+Ferraris+and+rotating+magnetic+field&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NMp0T_bXL6Gc2AXt7e3ODg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Galileo%20Ferraris%20and%20rotating%20magnetic%20field&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Timeline of Nikola Tesla|url=http://www.teslasociety.org/timeline.html|publisher=Tesla Society of USA and Canada|accessdate=5 July 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508181221/http://www.teslasociety.org/timeline.html|archivedate=8 May 2012|df=}}</ref>
Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky je v sklopu svoje promocije trifaznega izmeničnega napajanja izumil trifazni motor s kratkostično kletko in trinožni transformator leta 1890. Ta tip motorja se danes uporablja za veliko večino komercialnih aplikacij.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hubbell|first=M.W.|year=2011|title=The Fundamentals of Nuclear Power Generation Questions & Answers.|publisher=Authorhouse|isbn=978-1-4634-2441-1|url=http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Nuclear-Power-Generation-Questions/dp/1463424418|page=27}}</ref> Trdil je, da Teslov motor ni praktičen zaradi dvofaznih pulzacij, zaradi česar se je posvečal delu s tremi fazami.<ref name="Dolivo-Dobrowolsky (1891)">{{cite journal|last=Dolivo-Dobrowolsky|first=M.|journal=ETZ|year=1891|volume=12|pages=149, 161}}</ref>
Čeprav je Westinghouse leta 1892 ustvaril prvi indukcijski motor in 1893 razvil linijo polifaznih 60 Hz motorjev, so bili njihovi motorji dvofazni, do Lammejevega izuma učinkovite kratkostične kletke.
General Electric Company je začela razvijat trifazne indukcijske motorje 1891.<ref name="Alger (1976)2">{{cite journal|last=Alger|first=P.L.|author2=Arnold, R.E.|title=The History of Induction Motors in America|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|year=1976|volume=64|issue=9|pages=1380–1383|doi=10.1109/PROC.1976.10329}}<!--|accessdate=1 December 2012--></ref> 1896 so General Electric in Westinghouse podpisali licenčno pogodbo za to obliko kratkostične kletke (squirell-cage rotor).
Indukcijski motorji so zaradi teh inovacij dosegali vedno večje moči, tako da ima današnji motor s 100 konjskimi močni enake dimenzije kot motor s 7.5 konjskimi močmi leta 1897.<ref name="Alger (1976)3">{{cite journal|last=Alger|first=P.L.|author2=Arnold, R.E.|title=The History of Induction Motors in America|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE|year=1976|volume=64|issue=9|pages=1380–1383|doi=10.1109/PROC.1976.10329}}<!--|accessdate=1 December 2012--></ref>
== Motorji na enosmerni tok ==
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