Liberalizem: Razlika med redakcijama

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'''Liberalizem''' (iz latinske besede ''liberalis'', "svoboda")<ref>[http://www.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookup.pl?stem=liberalis&ending= Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid] University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 2010-02-20.</ref> je prepričanje v pomen [[Svoboda|svobode]] in [[enakopravnost]]i<ref>Song, p. 45. ''Grounded on these foundations are the two central values of liberalism: equality and liberty.''</ref>. Liberalci zagovarjajo široko paleto mnenj, glede na njihovo razumevanje teh načel, vendar večinoma liberalci podpirajo take temeljne ideje, kot so [[ustava]], [[liberalna demokracija]], [[svobodne in pravične volitve]], [[človekove pravice]], [[kapitalizem]], [[prosta trgovina]] in [[svoboda veroizpovedi]]<ref name="Kathleen G. Donohue">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=htuTnexZAo8C&pg=PA1&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&hl=en&ei=D45ETYOyMcGp8Aan3b23DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|author=Kathleen G. Donohue|title=Freedom from Want: American Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History)|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|quote=Three of them - freedom from fear, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion - have long been fundamental to liberalism.|accessdate=2007-12-31}}</ref><ref name="The Economist">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=KBzHAAAAIAAJ&q=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&hl=en&ei=MzZHTeH4M8H88AbH5_j0AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBTgo|title=The Economist, Volume 341, Issues 7995-7997|publisher=[[The Economist]]|quote=For all three share a belief in the liberal society as defined above: a society that provides constitutional government (rule by laws, not by men) and freedom of religion, thought, expression and economic interaction; a society in which ...|accessdate=2007-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Sheldon S. Wolin">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ndAdGl8ScfcC&pg=PA525&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&hl=en&ei=MzZHTeH4M8H88AbH5_j0AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAjgo#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|author=Sehldon S. Wolin|title=Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|quote=While liberalism practically disappeared as a publicly professed ideology, it retained a vittual monopoly in the ... The most frequently cited rights included freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, property, and procedural tights|accessdate=2007-12-31}}</ref><ref name="Edwin Brown Firmage, Bernard G. Weiss, John Woodland Welch">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mQJgnEITPRIC&pg=PA366&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&hl=en&ei=DDVHTYi7IoH78AaGrdXoAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|author=Edwin Brown Firmage, Bernard G. Weiss, John Woodland Welch|title=Religion and Law: Biblical-Judaic and Islamic Perspectives|publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]]|quote=There is no need to expound here the foundations and principles of modern liberalism, which emphasizes the values of freedom of conscience and freedom of religion|accessdate=2007-12-31}}</ref><ref name="John Joseph Lalor">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Xsk6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA760&dq=liberalism+freedom+of+religion&hl=en&ei=kDJHTcDuJIL98Aa_xO2jAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=liberalism%20freedom%20of%20religion&f=false|author=John Joseph Lalor|title=Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States|publisher=Nabu Press|quote=Democracy attaches itslef to a form of government: liberalism, to liberty and guarantees of liberty. The two may agree; they are not contradictory, but they are identical, nor necessarily connected. In the moral order, liberalism is the liberty to think, recognized and practiced. This is primordial liberalism, as the liberty to think is itlsef the first and noblest of liberties. Man would not be free in any degree or in any sphere of action, if he were not a thiking being endowed with consciousness. The freedom of worship, the freedom of education, and the freedom of the press are derived the most directly from the freedom to think.|accessdate=2007-12-31}}</ref>. TeIdeje idejeliberalizma so splošno sprejete, tudi iz strani politične skupine, ki neodkrito izpovedujejoizpoveduje liberalno [[Politični spekter|ideološko usmeritev]]. Liberalizem obsega več variant in tradicij, ampak prevladujoče variante so [[klasični liberalizem]], ki je postal priljubljen v osemnajstem stoletju, in [[socialni liberalizem]], ki je postala priljubljen v dvajsetem stoletju.
 
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Liberalizem je prvič postal močna sila v dobi [[Razsvetljenstvo|razsvetljenstva]], zavrnil je več temeljnih predpostavk, ki obvladuje večino prejšnje teorije vladanja, kot je [[Plemstvo|dedno stanje]], [[državna religija]], [[absolutna monarhija]], in pa [[Božje pravice kraljev]]. Zgodnji liberalni mislec [[John Locke]], ki je bil pogosto dober za oblikovanje liberalizma kot ločene filozofske tradicije, ki dela koncept [[naravnih pravic]] in [[družbene pogodbe]] meni, da mora [[vladavina prava]] nadomestiti [[absolutizem]] v vladi, da vladarji morajo bili predmet soglasja, in da posamezniki imajo temeljno pravico do življenja, svobode in [[lastnine]].