Afganistan: Razlika med redakcijama

Izbrisana vsebina Dodana vsebina
→‎Etnične skupine: +Jeziki --- v delu
Vrstica 105:
}}
 
=== Etnične skupine ===
[[File:US Army ethnolinguistic map of Afghanistan -- circa 2001-09.jpg|thumb|250px|Etnične in jezikovne skupine v Afganistanu]]
Afganistan je multietnična družba in njeno zgodovinski status kot križišče poti je je bistveno prispeval k raznolikosti prebivalsta.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Haber M, Platt DE, Ashrafian Bonab M, Youhanna SC, Soria-Hernanz DF |year=2012 |title=Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 |pmid=22470552 |pmc=3314501 |editor1-last=Kayser |editor1-first=Manfred |pages=e34288|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140328095246/http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034288 |archivedate=2014-03-28 }}</ref> Prebivalstvo države je razdeljeno na veliko etničnih in jezikovnih skupin. Ker sistematičenga popisa prebivalstva zadnjih nekaj deset let ni bilo, točna števila o velikosti in sestavi različnih etničnih skupin niso na voljo.<ref name="CAL-People">{{cite web |url=http://www.cal.org/co/afghan/apeop.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070105112924/http://www.cal.org/co/afghan/apeop.html |archivedate=5 January 2007 |title=The People |publisher=[[Center for Applied Linguistics]] (CAL) |date=30 June 2002 |accessdate=8 October 2010}}</ref> Približna porazdelitev etničnih skupin je prikazana v spodnji tabeli:
Vrstica 272:
|}
{{-}}
===Jeziki===
 
[[Paštunščina]] in [[dari]] sta [[uradni jezik|uradna jezika]] Afganistana; [[dvojezičnost]] je običajna.<ref name="AO">{{cite web |title=Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan |url=http://www.afghan-web.com/politics/current_constitution.html#preamble |quote=From among the languages of Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmani, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani, Pamiri (alsana), Arab and other languages spoken in the country, '''Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state.''' |year=2004 |accessdate=13 June 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20131028065437/http://www.afghan-web.com:80/politics/current_constitution.html |archivedate=2013-10-28 }}</ref> Obadva sta [[Indoevropski jeziki|indoevropska jezika]] in spadata v poddružino [[iranski jeziki|iranskih jezikov]]. Perzijščina je bila vedno prestižni jezik in [[lingua franca]] za medetnično komunikacijo. Je materni jezik Tadžikov, Hazarov, Ajmakov in Kizilbašev.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/226122/Languages |title=Languages of Afghanistan |work= |accessdate= |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20131112115208/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/7798/Afghanistan/226122/Languages/|archivedate=2013-11-12}}</ref> Paštunščina je materni jezik Paštuncev, čeprav mnogi Paštunci pogosto uporabljajo perzijščino in nekateri ne-Paštunci tekoče govorijo paštunščino.
 
{{v delu}}
Drugi jeziki, vključno z [[uzbeščina|uzbeščino]], [[arabščina|arabščino]], [[turkmenščina|turkmenščino]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]], [[Pashayi language|Pashayi]] and [[Nuristani languages]] ([[Askunu language|Ashkunu]], [[Kamkata-viri language|Kamkata-viri]], [[Vasi-vari language|Vasi-vari]], [[Tregami language|Tregami]] and [[Kalasha-ala language|Kalasha-ala]]), are the native tongues of minority groups across the country and have official status in the regions where they are widely spoken. Minor languages also include [[Pamir languages|Pamiri]] ([[Shughni language|Shughni]], [[Munji language|Munji]], [[Ishkashimi language|Ishkashimi]] and [[Wakhi language|Wakhi]]), [[Brahui language|Brahui]], [[Hindko language|Hindko]], and [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]. A small percentage of Afghans are also fluent in [[Urdu]], English, and other languages.
 
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!|Jezik
!|{{small|World Factbook / Library of Congress Country Studies estimate<ref name="LoC-pdf"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html |title=Population |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |accessdate=24 September 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20140307124031/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html |archivedate=2014-03-07 }}</ref>}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[dari]]
| 50%
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[paštunščina]]
| 35%
|- style="text-align:center;"
! [[uzbeščina]] in [[turkmenščina]]
| 11%
|- style="text-align:center;"
! 30 manjših jezikov
| 4%
|}
 
== Naravne in kulturne znamenitosti ==