Miami: Razlika med redakcijama
Izbrisana vsebina Dodana vsebina
mBrez povzetka urejanja |
»« |
||
Vrstica 62:
Mestno središče Miamija in Južna Florida sta dom velikega števila mednarodnih bank ter drugih velikih narodnih in mednarodnih družb. <ref>[http://www.nestseekers.com/Neighborhood/3059/Brickell/Sales Nest Seekers International]. Nestseekers.com. Pridobljeno 8.10.2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.madduxco.com/brickell.htm Brickell – Downtown Miami, Florida]. Madduxco.com. Pridobljeno 8.10.2012</ref> Civic Center (»Mestno središče«) je pomembno središče bolnišnic, raziskovalnih inštitutov, medicinskih centrov in biotehnoloških obratov. Že več kot dve desetletji mestno pristanišče Port of Miami (znano tudi kot »Svetovna prestolnica križarskih ladij« slovi kot najpomembnejše pristanišče križark na svetu. Tukaj so zasidrane nekatere izmed največjih križark na svetu, prav tako pa je vodilno po številu potnikov in družb, ki se ukvarjajo z organizacijo križarjenj in imajo tu svoj sedež. <ref name="Port of Miami">[http://gomiami.about.com/od/cruisingportofmiami/a/cruiselines.htm Cruise lines departing from the Port of Miami]. Gomiami.about.com (10.4.2012). Pridobljeno 8.10.2012.</ref>
== Zgodovina==
[[File:MiamiAvenue1896.jpg|thumb|left|Approximately 400 men voted for Miami's incorporation in 1896 in the building to the left.]]
[[File:OldU.S.PostOfficeandCourthouse.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Downtown Miami Historic District]] is the city's largest [[historic district]], with buildings ranging from 1896 to 1939 in the heart of [[Downtown Miami|Downtown]]]]
Na območju, na katerem danes stoji mesto Miami, so tisočletja prebivali ameriški staroselci. Okoli tisočletje pred prihodom Evropejcev so sem prišli pripadniki plemena Tequesta.
Leta 1566 je španski raziskovalec [[Pedro Menéndez de Avilés]] to območje razglasil za last [[Španija|španske krone]]. Leto kasneje so konkvistadorji končali z gradnjo misijona. Zatem sta si Španija in Velika Britanija dolga leta izmenjevali oblast nad Florido vse do leta 1821, ko so ga Španci prepustili [[Združene države Amerike|Američanom]]. Z namenom utrditve svoje oblasti na območju in izgonom plemenske skupnosti [[Seminoli|Seminolov]] so slednji leta 1836 zgradili trdnjavo Fort Dallas. Tako so tudi v okolici Miamija potekali spopadi proti Seminolom.
Miami je znan kot Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, [[Julia Tuttle]]",<ref>Henry, Brian. (1995) "Miami Centennial Trivia," ''South Florida History,'' Vol. 23 No. 3 Summer, 1995. p. 33</ref> a local citrus grower and a wealthy [[Cleveland]] native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness.<ref>"The Day in St. Augustine — The Hack Line to Biscayne Bay", ''[[The Florida Times-Union]]'', 1893-1-10. Retrieved on 2007-8-25.</ref> The area was also characterized as "one of the finest building sites in Florida."<ref>"A Trip to Biscayne Bay", ''The Tropical Sun,'' 1893-3-09. Retrieved on 2006-1-22.</ref> The [[Great Freeze]] of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced [[Henry Flagler]], a railroad tycoon, to expand his [[Florida East Coast Railway]] to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami."<ref>Muir, Helen. (1953) ''Miami, USA'' Henry Holt and Company. p. 55<br>{{citation|last = Weiner|first = Jacqueline|title = Statue of Miami's First Lady, Julia Tuttle, may be birthday present|journal=Miami Today|date = Week of April 1, 2010|url = http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/100401/story2.shtml}}</ref> Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmsf.org/history/south-florida-brief-history.htm|title=South Florida: A Brief History|author=Williams, Linda K. & George, Paul S.|publisher=Historical Museum of South Florida|accessdate=August 24, 2009}}</ref> It was named for the nearby [[Miami River (Florida)|Miami River]], which was named for the historic [[Mayaimi]] Indians who lived around [[Lake Okeechobee]].{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}
During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The collapse of the [[Florida land boom of the 1920s]], the [[1926 Miami Hurricane]], and the [[Great Depression]] in the 1930s slowed development. When [[World War II]] began, Miami, well-situated on the southern coast of Florida, became a base for US defense against [[U-boat|German submarines]]. The war brought an increase in Miami's population; by 1940, 172,172 people lived in the city.
After [[Fidel Castro]] rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy [[Cuba]]ns sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the [[New South]]. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of [[Hurricane Andrew]]. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after [[El Paso, Texas]]) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a [[Cuban-American]] plurality.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
Miami and its metropolitan area grew from just over one thousand residents to nearly five and a half million residents in just 110 years (1896–2006). The city's nickname, ''The Magic City'', comes from this rapid growth. Winter visitors remarked that the city grew so much from one year to the next that it was like magic.<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp|title=Miami-Dade County – Information Center
|publisher=[[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Miami-Dade County]]|accessdate=April 18, 2008|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080225012927/http://www.miamidade.gov/infocenter/about_miami-dade_history.asp <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate = February 25, 2008}}</ref>
== Demografija==
| |||