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Hidroksimetilfurfural: Razlika med redakcijama

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'''Hidroksimetilfurfurala''' (HMF), tudi 5-(hidroksimetil) furfural, je organska spojina, ki izhajajo iz dehidracije nekaterih sladkorjev.[1][2] Ta rumena nizko tališčna, trdna snov je zelo topna v vodi. Molekula je sestavljena iz furana prstan, ki vsebujejo funkcionalne skupine aldehida in alkohola. HMF identificirana v različnih toplotno obdelanih živil, vključno z mlekom, sadnimi sokovi, žganja, medu, itd. HMF, ki izhaja iz celuloze brez uporabe vrenja, je potencial 'ogljika' surovina za goriva in kemikalije.
 
== Produkcija ==
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V prejšnjih časih, so HMF uporabljali v hrani za namenom arom, ta praksa je sedaj v Evropi prekinjena. HMF pa se sedaj najde tudi v cigaretnem dimu.[1
 
 
 
 
 
== Metabolizem ==
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== Kvantifikacija ==
 
Danes je, HPLC z UV-detektorjem referenčna metoda (npr. DIN 10751-3). Klasične metode za kvantifikacijo HMF v hrani se uporablja fotometrija. Metoda po beli je diferencialna UV-fotometrija z in brez natrijevega bisulfita-zmanjšanja HMF (AOAC 980.23). Winkler fotometrična metoda je barvna reakcija z uporabo p-toluidin in barbiturne kisline (DIN 10751 - 1). Fotometrični preskus je lahko nespecifičen, saj lahko zazna tudi sorodne snovi,kar vodi do višjih rezultatov kot meritve HPLC. Kompleti za hitre analize so tudi na voljo (npr. Refelctoquant HMF, Merck KGaA).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schultheiss | first1 = J. | last2 = Jensen | first2 = D. | last3 = Galensa | first3 = R. | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01086-9 | title = Determination of aldehydes in food by high-performance liquid chromatography with biosensor coupling and micromembrane suppressors | year = 2000 | pages = 233 | volume = 880 | journal = [17[Journal of Chromatography A]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gaspar | first1 = Elvira M.S.M. | last2 = Lucena | first2 = Ana F.F. | title = Improved HPLC methodology for food control – furfurals and patulin as markers of quality | doi = 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.097 | year = 2009 | pages = 1576 | volume = 114 | journal = [18[Food Chemistry (journal)|Food Chemistry]] | issue = 4}}</ref>
 
== Zgodovina ==
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== Reference ==
{{Opombe}}
<ref name=Afonso>Andreia A. Rosatella, Svilen P. Simeonov, Raquel F. M. Frade, Carlos A. M. Afonso "Critical Review
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a building block platform: Biological Properties, Synthesis and Synthetic Applications" Green Chem., 2011, volume 13, 754. {{DOI|10.1039/c0gc00401d}}</ref>
<ref name="putten">''Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources'' Robert-Jan van Putten, Jan C. van der Waal, Ed de Jong, Carolus B. Rasrendra, Hero J. Heeres, and Johannes G. de Vries Chemical Reviews Article ASAP {{DOI|10.1021/cr300182k}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Huber | first1 = George W. | last2 = Iborra | first2 = Sara | last3 = Corma | first3 = Avelino | title = Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering | journal = [[Chem. Rev.]] | volume = 106 | pages = 4044 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1021/cr068360d | issue = 9}}[http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18943/ MIT Technology Review]</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | title = Phase Modifiers Promote Efficient Production of Hydroxymethylfurfural from Fructose | author = Yuriy Román-Leshkov, Juben N. Chheda, James A. Dumesic | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | year = 2006 | volume = 312 | issue = 5782 | pages = 1933–1937 | doi = 10.1126/science.1126337 | pmid = 16809536}}</ref>
<ref>Ståhlberg, T.; Fu, W.; Woodley, J. M.; Riisager, A.; Synthesis of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural in Ionic Liquids: Paving the Way to Renewable Chemicals. ChemSusChem. 2011, n/a. {{doi|10.1002/cssc.201000374}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | title = Metal Chlorides in Ionic Liquid Solvents Convert Sugars to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | author = Haibo Zhao, Johnathan E. Holladay, Heather Brown, Z. Conrad Zhang | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | year = 2007 | volume = 316 | issue = 5782 | pages = 1597–1600 | doi = 10.1126/science.1141199 | pmid = 17569858}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Su | first1 = Yu | last2 = Brown | first2 = Heather M. | last3 = Huang | first3 = Xiwen | last4 = Zhou | first4 = Xiao-Dong | last5 = Amonette | first5 = James E. | last6 = Zhang | first6 = Z. Conrad | title = Single-step conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile platform chemical | journal = Applied Catalysis A: General | volume = 361 | pages = 117 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.04.002}}</ref>
<ref>A. A. Rosatella, S. P. Simeonov, R. F. M. Frade and C. A. M. Afonso, "5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a building block platform: Biological properties, synthesis and synthetic applications", Green Chemistry 2011, 13, 754-793. {{DOI|10.1039/c0gc00401d}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Abdulmalik | first1 = O | last2 = Safo | first2 = MK | last3 = Chen | first3 = Q | last4 = Yang | first4 = J | last5 = Brugnara | first5 = C | last6 = Ohene-Frempong | first6 = K | last7 = Abraham | first7 = DJ | last8 = Asakura | first8 = T | title = 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural modifies intracellular sickle haemoglobin and inhibits sickling of red blood cells | journal = British journal of haematology | volume = 128 | issue = 4 | pages = 552–61 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15686467 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05332.x}}</ref>
<ref name = Arribas-Lorenzo>{{cite journal | pmid = 20005914 | last1 = Arribas-Lorenzo | year = 2010 | first1 = G | pages = 644–9 | issue = 2 | volume = 48 | last2 = Morales | first2 = FJ | title = Estimation of dietary intake of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and related substances from coffee to Spanish population | journal = [[Food and Chemical Toxicology]] | doi = 10.1016/j.fct.2009.11.046 }}</ref>
<ref name = Ruiz-Matute>{{cite journal | last1 = Ruiz-Matute | first1 = AI | last2 = Weiss | first2 = M | last3 = Sammataro | first3 = D | last4 = Finely | first4 = J | last5 = Sanz | first5 = ML | title = Carbohydrate composition of high-fructose corn syrups (HFCS) used for bee feeding: effect on honey composition | journal = [[Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry]] | volume = 58 | issue = 12 | pages = 7317–22 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20491475 | doi = 10.1021/jf100758x}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Murkovic | first1 = M | last2 = Pichler | first2 = N | title = Analysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfual in coffee, dried fruits and urine | journal = [[Molecular Nutrition & Food Research]] | volume = 50 | issue = 9 | pages = 842–6 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16917810 | doi = 10.1002/mnfr.200500262}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Husøy | first1 = T | last2 = Haugen | first2 = M | last3 = Murkovic | first3 = M | last4 = Jöbstl | first4 = D | last5 = Stølen | first5 = LH | last6 = Bjellaas | first6 = T | last7 = Rønningborg | first7 = C | last8 = Glatt | first8 = H | last9 = Alexander | first9 = J | title = Dietary exposure to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from Norwegian food and correlations with urine metabolites of short-term exposure | journal = [[Food and Chemical Toxicology]] | volume = 46 | issue = 12 | pages = 3697–702 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18929614 | doi = 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.048}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ramírez-Jiménez | first1 = A | title = Hydroxymethylfurfural and methylfurfural content of selected bakery products | journal = [[Food Research International]] | volume = 33 | pages = 833 | year = 2000 | doi = 10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00102-2 | issue = 10}}</ref>
<ref name = Ruiz-Matute/> This is a problem for American [[beekeepers]] because they use HFCS as a source of sugar when there are not enough [[nectar]] sources to feed [[honeybees]], and HMF is toxic to them. Adding bases such as soda ash or potash to [[pH|neutralize]] the HFCS slows down the formation of HMF.<ref name = Ruiz-Matute/>
<ref name = Arribas-Lorenzo/>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Rufían-Henares | first1 = JA | last2 = De La Cueva | first2 = SP | title = Assessment of hydroxymethylfurfural intake in the Spanish diet | journal = [[Food Additives & Contaminants]]: Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment | volume = 25 | issue = 11 | pages = 1306–12 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19680837 | doi = 10.1080/02652030802163406}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Husøy | first1 = T. | last2 = Haugen | first2 = M. | last3 = Murkovic | first3 = M. | last4 = Jöbstl | first4 = D. | last5 = Stølen | first5 = L.H. | last6 = Bjellaas | first6 = T. | last7 = Rønningborg | first7 = C. | last8 = Glatt | first8 = H. | last9 = Alexander | first9 = J. | doi = 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.048 | title = Dietary exposure to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from Norwegian food and correlations with urine metabolites of short-term exposure | year = 2008 | pages = 3697 | volume = 46 | journal = [[Food and Chemical Toxicology]] | pmid=18929614 | issue = 12}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Schultheiss | first1 = J. | last2 = Jensen | first2 = D. | last3 = Galensa | first3 = R. | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01086-9 | title = Determination of aldehydes in food by high-performance liquid chromatography with biosensor coupling and micromembrane suppressors | year = 2000 | pages = 233 | volume = 880 | journal = [[Journal of Chromatography A]]}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Gaspar | first1 = Elvira M.S.M. | last2 = Lucena | first2 = Ana F.F. | title = Improved HPLC methodology for food control – furfurals and patulin as markers of quality | doi = 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.097 | year = 2009 | pages = 1576 | volume = 114 | journal = [[Food Chemistry (journal)|Food Chemistry]] | issue = 4}}</ref>
 
{{reflist|2}}
*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19021792▼
 
▲*http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19021792
[[Category:Aldehydes]]
[[Category:Furans]]
Pridobljeno iz »https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidroksimetilfurfural«