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Ftalat: Razlika med redakcijama

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Vrstica 1:
[[Image:Phthalates.svg|thumb|right|Splošna kemična sestava ftalatov. (R in R' sta splošni ogradi)]]
{{Prosimo, pustite to vrstico pri miru (glava peskovnika)}}
[[Immagine:Phthalates.svg|thumb|Generica struttura degli ftalati. I gruppi R e R' possono essere uguali]]
 
'''Ftalati''' so estri ftalne [[kisline]] in alifatskih alkoholov. So hlapne tekočine, ki jih dodajajo plastičnim masam
polimerom, da povečajo njihovo gibljivost. Imenujemo jih tudi plastifikatorji oziroma mehčala.
 
== Primeri ==
 
Najbolj znane spojine tega razreda so:
 
- Dimetil ftalat (DMP)
- Dietil ftalat (DEP)
- Butil benzil ftalat (BBP)
- Di-n-butil ftalat (DBP)
- Di-n-oktil ftalat (DOP)
 
== Uporaba ftalatov ==
Vrstica 23 ⟶ 12:
Ftalati svetlobe alkoholi (dimethylphthalate, dietil ftalat), se uporabljajo kot topila v parfumih in [[pesticidi]].
Ftalati se prav tako pogosto uporabljajo pri izdelavi lakov za nohte, lepila in [[barve]].
 
== Zgodovina ==
 
Razvoj nitrata celuloze leta 1846 privedla do patenta ricinusovega olja leta 1856 za uporabo kot prvi mehčalca. Leta 1870,
kafre postala bolj omejenimi možnostmi Plastifikator za nitrat celuloze. Ftalati so bili prvič uvedena leta 1920 in hitro
nadomesti nestanovitne in vonja kafre. Leta 1931 je komercialna dostopnost polivinil klorida in razvoj di-2-etilheksil ftalat
je začel razcvet industrije mehčalca PVC.
 
== Tabela najpogostejših ftalatov ==
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Acronym
! [[Structural formula]]
! [[CAS registry number|CAS No.]]
|-
| [[Dimethyl phthalate]]
| DMP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(COOCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| 131-11-3
|-
| [[Diethyl phthalate]]
| DEP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(COOC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| 84-66-2
|-
| [[Diallyl phthalate]]
| DAP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| 131-17-9
|-
| [[Di-n-propyl phthalate]]
| DPP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 131-16-8
|-
| [[Dibutyl phthalate|Di-n-butyl phthalate]]
| DBP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 84-74-2
|-
| [[Diisobutyl phthalate]]
| DIBP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 84-69-5
|-
| [[Butyl cyclohexyl phthalate]]
| BCP
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OOCC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>
| 84-64-0
|-
| [[Di-n-pentyl phthalate]]
| DNPP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 131-18-0
|-
| [[Dicyclohexyl phthalate]]
| DCP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>11</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 84-61-7
|-
| [[Butyl benzyl phthalate]]
| BBP
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OOCC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COOCH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>
| 85-68-7
|-
| [[Di-n-hexyl phthalate]]
| DNHP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 84-75-3
|-
| [[Diisohexyl phthalate]]
| DIHxP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 146-50-9
|-
| [[Diisoheptyl phthalate]]
| DIHpP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 41451-28-9
|-
| [[Butyl decyl phthalate]]
| BDP
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OOCC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>9</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
| 89-19-0
|-
| [[Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate]]
| DEHP, DOP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 117-81-7
|-
| [[Di(n-octyl) phthalate]]
| DNOP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 117-84-0
|-
| [[Diisooctyl phthalate]]
| DIOP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 27554-26-3
|-
| [[n-Octyl n-decyl phthalate]]
| ODP
| CH<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>OOCC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>9</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
| 119-07-3
|-
| [[Diisononyl phthalate]]
| DINP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 28553-12-0
|-
| [[Di(2-Propyl Heptyl) phthalate]]
| DPHP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH(CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 53306-54-0
|-
| [[Diisodecyl phthalate]]
| DIDP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>7</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 26761-40-0
|-
| [[Diundecyl phthalate]]
| DUP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>10</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 3648-20-2
|-
| [[Diisoundecyl phthalate]]
| DIUP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>8</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 85507-79-5
|-
| [[Ditridecyl phthalate]]
| DTDP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>12</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 119-06-2
|-
| [[Diisotridecyl phthalate]]
| DIUP
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>[COO(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>10</sub>CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>
| 68515-47-9
|}
 
== Učinki na zdravje ==
Pridobljeno iz »https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ftalat«