Koordinacijska geometrija: Razlika med redakcijama
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Nova stran z vsebino: Izraz '''koordinacijska geometrija''' se uporablja na številnih sorodnih področjih kemije in kemije/[[Fizika trdne snovi|fizike trdne snovi]... |
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Vrstica 1:
{{v delu}}Izraz '''koordinacijska geometrija''' se uporablja na številnih sorodnih področjih [[kemija|kemije]] in [[Kemija trdne snovi|kemije]]/[[Fizika trdne snovi|fizike trdne snovi]].
==Molekule==
Vrstica 16:
Za napovedovanje geometrije kompleksov elementov iz glavnih skupin [[periodni sistem|periodnega sistema]] se lahko uporabi tudi teorijo o odboju valenčnih elektronskih parov.
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Koordinacijska geometrija atomov v [[Kristal|kristalni strukturi]] je geometrijski vzorec koordiniranih atomov, pri čemer je definicija koordiniranih atomov odvisna od uporabljenega modela.<ref name = "IUCr"/> V [[kuhinjska sol|kuhinjski soli]], na primer, je vsak [[natrij]]ev atom obdan s po šestimi atomi [[klor]]a v obliki oktaedra. V kovinskih kristalih s telesno centrirano kocko je vsak atom obdan z osmimi najbližjimi sosedi v obliki kocke. V kovinskih kristalih s ploskovno centrirano kocko je vsak atom obdan z dvanajstimi najbližjimi sosedi v kubotetraedrični obliki.
==Preglednica koordinacijskih geometrij==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: center;"|Koordinacijsko število !! Geometrija !! !! Primeri diskretnih (končnih) kompleksov !! Primeri v kristalih
|-
|style="text-align: center;"| 2
|style="text-align: center;"|linearna
||[[Image:Linear-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||Ag(CN)<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> v KAg(CN)<sub>2</sub><ref name = "Wells"> Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6 </ref>
||Ag v srebrovem cianidu,<br />Au v AuI<ref name = "Greenwood"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|3
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonalna planarna
||[[Image:Trigonal-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||Cu(CN)<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> v <br /> Na<sub>2</sub>Cu(CN)<sub>3</sub>.3H<sub>2</sub>O<ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||O v [[titanov dioksid|TiO<sub>2</sub>]] (rutil)<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|4
|style="text-align: center;"|tetraedrična
||[[Image:Tetrahedral-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||CoCl<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||Zn in S v [[cinkov sulfid|cinkovem sulfidu]], Si v [[silicijev dioksid|silicijevem dioksidu]]<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|4
|style="text-align: center;"|kvadratna planarna
||[[Image:Square-planar-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||AgF<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup><ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||bakrov(II) oksid (CuO)<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|5
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonalna bipiramidalna
||[[Image:Trigonal-bipyramidal-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||SnCl<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup><ref name = "Wells"/>
||
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|5
|style="text-align: center;"|kvadratna piramidalna
||[[Image:Square-pyramidal-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||InCl<sub>5</sub><sup>2−</sup> v (NEt<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>InCl<sub>5</sub><ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|6
|style="text-align: center;"|oktaedrska
||[[Image:Octahedral-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||Fe(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup><ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||Na in Cl v NaCl<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|6
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonalna prizmatična
||
||Mo(SCHCHS)<sub>3</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
||As v nikljevem arzenidu (NiAs), Mo v molibdenovem disulfidu (MoS<sub>2</sub>)<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|7
|style="text-align: center;"|pentagonalna bipiramidalna
||[[Image:Pentagonal-bipyramidal-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||ZrF<sub>7</sub><sup>3−</sup> v (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>ZrF<sub>7</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
||Pa v protaktinijevem(V) kloridu (PaCl<sub>5</sub>)
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|7
|style="text-align: center;"|face capped octahedral
||
||[Ho<sup>III</sup>(PhCOCHCOPh)<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<ref>Crystal and molecular structure of the heptacoordinate complex tris(diphenylpropanedionato)aquoholmium, Ho(PhCOCHCOPh)<sub>3</sub>.H<sub>2</sub>O, Zalkin A., Templeton D.H., Karraker D.G, Inorganic chemistry, 1969, 8, 12,2680 - 2684; {{doi|10.1021/ic50082a029}}</ref>
||La v lantanovem(III) oksidu (A-La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|7
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonalna prizmatična, square face monocapped
||
||TaF<sub>7</sub><sup>2−</sup> v K<sub>2</sub>TaF<sub>7</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
||
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|kubična
||
||
||cezijev klorid (CsCl), kalcijev klorid (CaCl<sub>2</sub>)
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|kvadratna antiprizma
||[[Image:Square antiprism.png|100px]]
||TaF<sub>8</sub><sup>3−</sup> in Na<sub>3</sub>TaF<sub>8</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
||torijev(IV) jodid (ThI<sub>4</sub>)<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|dodekaedrska (pravilen naziv je bisdifenoidna, ker gre za deltaeder)
||[[Image:snub disphenoid.png|100px]]
||Mo(CN)<sub>8</sub><sup>4−</sup> v K<sub>4</sub>[Mo(CN)<sub>8</sub>].2H<sub>2</sub>O<ref name = "Wells"/>
||Zr in K<sub>2</sub>ZrF<sub>6</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|heksagonalna bipiramidalna
||[[File:Hexagonale bipiramide.png|100px]]
||
||N v litijevem nitridu (Li<sub>3</sub>N)<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|octahedral, trans-bicapped
||
||
||Ni in [[nickel arsenide]], NiAs; 6 As neighbours + 2 Ni capping<ref>David G. Pettifor, ''Bonding and Structure of Molecules and Solids'', 1995, Oxford University Press,ISBN 0198517866</ref>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonal prismatic, triangular face bicapped
||
||
||Ca in CaFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|8
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonal prismatic, square face bicapped
||
||
||PuBr<sub>3</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|9
|style="text-align: center;"|trigonal prismatic, square face tricapped
||[[Image:Nonahydridorhenate-3D-balls.png|100px]]
||[ReH<sub>9</sub>]<sup>2−</sup> in [[potassium nonahydridorhenate]]<ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||SrCl<sub>2</sub>.6H<sub>2</sub>O , Th in RbTh<sub>3</sub>F<sub>13</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|9
|style="text-align: center;"|monocapped square antiprismatic
||
||[Th(tropolonate)<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||La in LaTe<sub>2</sub><ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|10
|style="text-align: center;"|bicapped square antiprismatic
||
||Th(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> <ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|11
||
||
||Th in [Th<sup>IV</sup>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>] (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> is bidentate) <ref name = "Greenwood"/>
||
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|12
|style="text-align: center;"|icosahedron
||[[Image:icosahedron.png|100px]]
||Th in Th(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> ion in Mg[Th(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>].8H<sub>2</sub>O <ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|12
|style="text-align: center;"|cuboctahedron
||[[Image:Cuboctahedron.png|100px]]
||Zr<sup>IV</sup>(η<sup>3</sup>−(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>)
||atoms in [[periodic table (crystal structure)| fcc metals]] e.g. Ca<ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|12
|style="text-align: center;"|anticuboctahedron, triangular orthobicupola
||[[Image:triangular_orthobicupola.png|100px]]
||
||atoms in [[periodic table (crystal structure)| hcp metals]] e.g. Sc <ref name = "Wells"/>
|-
|style="text-align: center;"|14
|style="text-align: center;"|bicapped hexagonal antiprismatic
||
||U(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub><ref name = "Greenwood"/>
|}
==Sklici==
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