Pokol v Buči: Razlika med redakcijama
Izbrisana vsebina Dodana vsebina
dodano |
Uvod Oznake: vrnjeno vizualno urejanje mobilno urejanje mobilno spletno urejanje |
||
Vrstica 3:
* 73–178 (po podatkih Urada [[Združeni narodi|Združenih narodov]] za človekove pravice)<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation |title=The situation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation, 24 February to 15 May 2022 |date=29 June 2022 |publisher=[[OHCHR]] |access-date=9 August 2022 |at=para. 80 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702112851/https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="UN202212" />|perps={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusija]] (Rusija zanika)|motive=[[Ukrajinofobija]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine and the Words that Lead to Mass Murder |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/06/ukraine-mass-murder-hate-speech-soviet/629629/ |access-date=17 July 2022 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=Anne |last=Appleba |author-link=Anne Applebaum |date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516112308/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/06/ukraine-mass-murder-hate-speech-soviet/629629/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>
genocid;{{efn|group=note|Rusiji je namen genocida obsodilo več entitet:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/English-Report.pdf |work=New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy; Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights |title=Independent Legal Analysis of the Russian Federation's Breaches of the Genocide Convention in Ukraine and the Duty to Prevent |date=27 May 2022 |access-date=2022-07-22 |url-status=live |archive-date=16 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616080955/https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/English-Report.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |script-title=uk:'Знищують за те, що українці'. Правники та дипломати наголошують на геноциді в Бучі |trans-title="They are being destroyed because they are Ukrainians". Workers and diplomats emphasize the genocide in Bucha |date=4 April 2022 |first=Irina |last=Nazarchuk |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/pravnyky-ta-dyplomaty-naholoshuyut-na-henotsydi-v-buchi/31784622.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Радіо Свобода |language=uk |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414165139/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/pravnyky-ta-dyplomaty-naholoshuyut-na-henotsydi-v-buchi/31784622.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=AP |title=Kyiv mayor says Russian attacks in Bucha are 'genocide' |date=3 April 2022 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/kyiv-mayor-says-russian-attacks-in-bucha-are-genocide/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403105132/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/kyiv-mayor-says-russian-attacks-in-bucha-are-genocide/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Killings in Ukraine amount to genocide, Holocaust expert says |first=Andrew |last=Buncombe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-bucha-war-crimes-genocide-b2050897.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409165511/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-bucha-war-crimes-genocide-b2050897.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-05 |title=Opinion {{!}} What's happening in Ukraine is genocide. Period. |first=Eugene |last=Finkel
|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/04/05/russia-is-committing-genocide-in-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220412180205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/04/05/russia-is-committing-genocide-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukraine war: Is Russia committing genocide? |first=George |last=Wright |date=13 April 2022 |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61017352 |access-date=2022-06-22 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422194536/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61017352 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} (kot takega ga definira [[Vrhovna rada]]<ref name="Interfax_UA_parliament_genocide">{{Cite news |title=Rada recognizes Russian army's actions in Ukraine as genocide of Ukrainian people |date=14 April 2022 |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/824182.html |access-date=2022-04-14 |agency=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429202003/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/824182.html |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}'''Pokol v Buči''' ({{Jezik-uk|Бучанська різанина|translit=Bučanska rizanina}}) poznan tudi kot '''genocid v Buči''' ({{Jezik-uk|геноцид у Бучі}})<ref>{{Cite web|title="Воєнні злочини і геноцид в Бучі вимагають додаткових санкцій проти Росії": світ реагує на масові вбивства цивільних в Бучі|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/buch-henotsyd-rosiya-mizhnarodni-reaktsiyi/31784982.html|website=Радіо Свобода|date=2022-04-04|language=uk|accessdate=4 April 2022|archive-date=4 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404163525/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/buch-henotsyd-rosiya-mizhnarodni-reaktsiyi/31784982.html}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=НСЖУ закликає іноземні ЗМІ привертати увагу світу до геноциду в Бучі та Ірпені|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3447527-nszu-zaklikae-inozemni-zmi-privertati-uvagu-svitu-do-genocidu-v-buci-ta-irpeni.html|website=www.ukrinform.ua|date=2022-04-03|language=uk|accessdate=4 April 2022|archivedate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404072454/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3447527-nszu-zaklikae-inozemni-zmi-privertati-uvagu-svitu-do-genocidu-v-buci-ta-irpeni.html}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Геноцид у Бучі: Україна зловила російських окупантів на брехні та розвінчала їхні фейки|url=https://apostrophe.ua/ua/news/society/accidents/2022-04-04/genotsid-v-buche-ukraina-poymala-rossiyskih-okkupantov-na-lji-i-razvenchala-ih-feyki/264861|website=Апостроф|date=2022-04-04|language=uk|accessdate=4 April 2022|archivedate=3 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403222927/https://apostrophe.ua/ua/news/society/accidents/2022-04-04/genotsid-v-buche-ukraina-poymala-rossiyskih-okkupantov-na-lji-i-razvenchala-ih-feyki/264861}}</ref> je bil množični pokol ukrajinskih civilistov in vojnih ujetnikov<ref>{{Navedi novice|last=Al-Hlou|first=Yousur|last2=Froliak|first2=Masha|last3=Khavin|first3=Dmitriy|last4=Koettl|first4=Christoph|last5=Willis|first5=Haley|last6=Cardia|first6=Alexander|last7=Reneau|first7=Natalie|last8=Browne|first8=Malachy|date=2022-12-22|title=Caught on Camera, Traced by Phone: The Russian Military Unit That Killed Dozens in Bucha|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/video/russia-ukraine-bucha-massacre-takeaways.html|accessdate=2022-12-24|page=4 min 54 s ff|issn=0362-4331|archivedate=24 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224170756/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/video/russia-ukraine-bucha-massacre-takeaways.html}}</ref>
Po podatkih lokalnih oblasti so v Buči našli 458 trupel, od tega 9 otrok mlajših od 18 let. 419 žrtev je bilo ubitih z orožjem, 39 pa naj bi umrlo zaradi naravnih vzrokov morda povezanih z okupacijo.<ref name="babel-ua">{{Navedi splet|date=8 August 2022|title=At least 458 Ukrainians died in the Bucha community as a result of the actions of the Russians|url=https://babel.ua/en/news/82626-at-least-458-ukrainians-died-in-the-bucha-community-as-a-result-of-the-actions-of-the-russians|accessdate=2022-09-13|website=babel.ua|language=en|archivedate=13 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913165047/https://babel.ua/en/news/82626-at-least-458-ukrainians-died-in-the-bucha-community-as-a-result-of-the-actions-of-the-russians}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|date=8 August 2022|title=Accounting of bodies in Bucha nears completion|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/08/ukraine-bucha-bodies/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809120452/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/08/ukraine-bucha-bodies/|archivedate=9 August 2022|accessdate=2022-09-13|work=[[Washington Post]]|language=en}}</ref> Komisar [[Organizacija združenih narodov|OZN]] za človekove pravice je dokumentiral uboje najmanj 73 civilistov, več je bilo usmrčenih po kratkem postopku.<ref>{{Navedi poročilo|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation|title=The situation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation, 24 February to 15 May 2022|date=29 June 2022|publisher=[[OHCHR]]|access-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702112851/https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation|archive-date=2 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="UN202212">{{Navedi splet|title=UN report details summary executions of civilians by Russian troops in northern Ukraine|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern|accessdate=2023-01-21|website=OHCHR|language=en|archivedate=26 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126141843/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern}}</ref>
Vrstica 9:
Po osvoboditvi Buče se je pojavilo več fotografij, na katerih so trupla civilistov postavljena v vrsto, z zvezanimi rokami in ustreljenimi od blizu.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Explained: What happened in Ukraine's Bucha, and was it 'genocide'?|first=Mira|last=Patel|location=Mumbai|date=7 April 2022|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-happened-in-bucha-ukraine-and-was-it-genocide-7854561/|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archivedate=6 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406000654/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-happened-in-bucha-ukraine-and-was-it-genocide-7854561/}}</ref> ''Radio Free Europe'' je poročal o uporabi kleti v mestu kot mučilnice.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Inside An 'Execution Cellar' In Ukraine|date=5 April 2022|first=Borys|last=Sachalko|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-execution-cellar/31787326.html|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|archivedate=7 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407203455/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-execution-cellar/31787326.html}}</ref><ref name="BBC_toll">{{Navedi splet|date=16 May 2022|title=The children's camp that became an execution ground|first=Sarah|last=Rainsford|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61442387|website=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=16 May 2022|archivedate=16 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516063124/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61442387}}</ref> Več najdenih trupel je bilo pohabljenih in zažganih.<ref name="BBCN_Limaye">{{Navedi novice|last=Limaye|first=Yogita|date=11 April 2022|title=Ukraine conflict: 'Russian soldiers raped me and killed my husband'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61071243|accessdate=4 May 2022|archivedate=7 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507021252/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61071243}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=In Bucha, Ukraine, burned, piled bodies among latest horrors|first=Oleksandr|last=Stashevskyi|first2=Cara|last2=Anna|date=6 April 2022|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bucha-ukraine-burned-piled-bodies-latest-horrors-83902341|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=[[ABC News]]|archivedate=6 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406044231/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bucha-ukraine-burned-piled-bodies-latest-horrors-83902341}}</ref> Dekleta iz mesta (najmlajša stara 14 let) so poročala, da so jih ruski vojaki posilili.<ref name="BBCN_Limaye" /><ref>{{Navedi novice|title=Women and girls as young as 14 report being raped by Russian soldiers|first=Jimmy|last=Nsubuga|date=6 April 2022|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/russia-ukraine-war-rape-bucha-war-crimes-172831878.html|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Yahoo! News|archivedate=6 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406230335/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/russia-ukraine-war-rape-bucha-war-crimes-172831878.html}}</ref> Ruski vojaki so v prestrezenih telefonskih pogovorih lov ljudi s seznamov, »filtriranje«, mučenje in usmrititve imenovali »''začistka''« (čiščenje).<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=How Russian Soldiers Ran a "Cleansing" Operation in Bucha, Ukraine|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/russian-soldiers-cleansing-operation-bucha-ukraine/|accessdate=2023-12-30|website=FRONTLINE|language=en-US}}</ref> Ukrajina je zaprosila [[Mednarodno kazensko sodišče]], naj v okviru preiskave invazije razišče, kaj se je zgodilo v Buči, da bi ugotovila, ali so bili storjeni [[Ruski vojni zločini|vojni zločini]] ali [[Zločin proti človeštvu|zločini proti človeštvu]].<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Retreat of Russian forces uncovers evidence of possible war crimes|date=3 April 2022|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-04-03/retreat-of-russian-forces-uncovers-evidence-of-possible-war-crimes.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404012900/https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-04-03/retreat-of-russian-forces-uncovers-evidence-of-possible-war-crimes.html|archivedate=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022|website=[[El País]]}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=War Crimes Watch: Hard Path to Justice in Bucha, Ukraine, Atrocities|date=4 April 2022|first=Erika|last=Kinetz|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/bucha-ukraine-civilian-deaths-justice-tribunal-international-criminal-court/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202945/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/bucha-ukraine-civilian-deaths-justice-tribunal-international-criminal-court/|archivedate=7 April 2022|accessdate=5 April 2022|website=[[PBS|Frontline]]|publisher=PBS}}</ref>
Rusija je odgovornost zanikala in trdila, da je Ukrajina ali ponaredila posnetke ali poboje storila sama kot del operacije pod lažno zastavo.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Russia denies military forces killed Bucha civilians in Ukraine|date=4 April 2022|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/4/kremlin-rejects-accusation-russian-forces-killed-bucha-civilians|accessdate=8 April 2022|website=[[Al Jazeera English]]|archivedate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404113854/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/4/kremlin-rejects-accusation-russian-forces-killed-bucha-civilians}}</ref> Rusija je trdila, da so bili posnetki in fotografije trupel »predstava«.<ref name="retuters03">{{Navedi novice|work=[[Reuters]]|date=3 April 2022|title=Russia denies killing civilians in Ukraine's Bucha|publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-denies-killing-civilians-ukraines-bucha-2022-04-03/|accessdate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403212137/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-denies-killing-civilians-ukraines-bucha-2022-04-03/|archivedate=3 April 2022}}</ref> Trditve Rusije so različne skupine in medijske organizacije ovrgle kot lažne.{{Efn|Ovrgel jih je ''[[Bellingcat]]'',<ref name="Bellingcat 4 April"/> ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fact check: Atrocities in Bucha not 'staged' |first1=Joscha |last1=Weber |first2=Kathrin |last2=Wesolowski |date=5 April 2022 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-atrocities-in-bucha-not-staged/a-61366129 |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202949/https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-atrocities-in-bucha-not-staged/a-61366129 |archive-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>[[BBC]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 April 2022 |title=Bucha killings: Satellite image of bodies site contradicts Russian claims |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/60981238 |url-status=live |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407203106/https://www.bbc.com/news/60981238 |archive-date=7 April 2022}}</ref> ''[[Associated Press]]'',<ref name="AP NEWS 2022 FC">{{Cite web |title=Video does not show staged bodies in Bucha |first1=Arijeta |last1=Lajka |first2=Sophia |last2=Tulp |date=4 April 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-847134637960 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202946/https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-847134637960 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'',<ref name="AFP 2022 FC">{{Cite web |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=6 April 2022 |title=No, the discovery of bodies in Ukraine's Bucha was not 'staged' with 'actors' |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.327R8KF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202948/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.327R8KF |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP Fact Check]]}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]],<ref name="Amnesty_Bucha">{{cite news|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/05/ukraine-russian-forces-must-face-justice-for-war-crimes-in-kyiv-oblast--new-investigation/|title=Ukraine: Russian forces must face justice for war crimes in Kyiv Oblast|date=May 6, 2022|work=Amnesty International|author=|access-date=May 6, 2022|archive-date=6 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506090359/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/05/ukraine-russian-forces-must-face-justice-for-war-crimes-in-kyiv-oblast--new-investigation/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name="NYT_satellite"/> in [[France24]]<ref name="Abreu 2022">{{cite web | last=de Abreu | first=Catalina Marchant | title=Truth or Fake - Debunking Russian claims that Bucha killings are staged | website=France 24 | date=4 April 2022 | url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/truth-or-fake/20220404-debunking-russian-claims-that-bucha-killings-are-staged | access-date=11 August 2022 | archive-date=11 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811200353/https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/truth-or-fake/20220404-debunking-russian-claims-that-bucha-killings-are-staged | url-status=live }}</ref>}} Prebivalci Buče so po ponovni vzpostavitvi ukrajinskega nadzora nad mestom v pričevanjih za poboje obtožili rusko vojsko.<ref name="Lee 2022">{{Navedi splet|last=Lee|first=Joseph|first2=Doug|last2=Faulkner|date=6 April 2022|title=Ukraine war: Bucha deaths 'not far short of genocide' – PM|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61011022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407114352/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61011022|archivedate=7 April 2022|accessdate=6 April 2022|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="Reuters Russian retreat leaves trails"></ref><ref name="vottak2022"></ref>
== Ozadje ==
| |||