Pokol v Buči: Razlika med redakcijama

Izbrisana vsebina Dodana vsebina
97E (pogovor | prispevki)
dodano
Uvod
Oznake: vrnjeno vizualno urejanje mobilno urejanje mobilno spletno urejanje
Vrstica 3:
* 73–178 (po podatkih Urada [[Združeni narodi|Združenih narodov]] za človekove pravice)<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation |title=The situation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation, 24 February to 15 May 2022 |date=29 June 2022 |publisher=[[OHCHR]] |access-date=9 August 2022 |at=para. 80 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702112851/https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="UN202212" />|perps={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusija]] (Rusija zanika)|motive=[[Ukrajinofobija]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine and the Words that Lead to Mass Murder |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/06/ukraine-mass-murder-hate-speech-soviet/629629/ |access-date=17 July 2022 |work=[[The Atlantic]] |first=Anne |last=Appleba |author-link=Anne Applebaum |date=25 June 2022 |archive-date=16 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516112308/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/06/ukraine-mass-murder-hate-speech-soviet/629629/ |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>
genocid;{{efn|group=note|Rusiji je namen genocida obsodilo več entitet:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/English-Report.pdf |work=New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy; Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights |title=Independent Legal Analysis of the Russian Federation's Breaches of the Genocide Convention in Ukraine and the Duty to Prevent |date=27 May 2022 |access-date=2022-07-22 |url-status=live |archive-date=16 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616080955/https://newlinesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/English-Report.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |script-title=uk:'Знищують за те, що українці'. Правники та дипломати наголошують на геноциді в Бучі |trans-title="They are being destroyed because they are Ukrainians". Workers and diplomats emphasize the genocide in Bucha |date=4 April 2022 |first=Irina |last=Nazarchuk |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/pravnyky-ta-dyplomaty-naholoshuyut-na-henotsydi-v-buchi/31784622.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Радіо Свобода |language=uk |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414165139/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/pravnyky-ta-dyplomaty-naholoshuyut-na-henotsydi-v-buchi/31784622.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=AP |title=Kyiv mayor says Russian attacks in Bucha are 'genocide' |date=3 April 2022 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/kyiv-mayor-says-russian-attacks-in-bucha-are-genocide/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=3 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403105132/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/kyiv-mayor-says-russian-attacks-in-bucha-are-genocide/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Killings in Ukraine amount to genocide, Holocaust expert says |first=Andrew |last=Buncombe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-bucha-war-crimes-genocide-b2050897.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409165511/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-bucha-war-crimes-genocide-b2050897.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-05 |title=Opinion {{!}} What's happening in Ukraine is genocide. Period. |first=Eugene |last=Finkel
|newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/04/05/russia-is-committing-genocide-in-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |archive-date=12 April 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220412180205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/04/05/russia-is-committing-genocide-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ukraine war: Is Russia committing genocide? |first=George |last=Wright |date=13 April 2022 |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61017352 |access-date=2022-06-22 |archive-date=22 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422194536/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61017352 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} (kot takega ga definira [[Vrhovna rada]]<ref name="Interfax_UA_parliament_genocide">{{Cite news |title=Rada recognizes Russian army's actions in Ukraine as genocide of Ukrainian people |date=14 April 2022 |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/824182.html |access-date=2022-04-14 |agency=[[Interfax-Ukraine]] |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429202003/https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/824182.html |url-status=live }}</ref>)}}'''Pokol v Buči''' ({{Jezik-uk|Бучанська різанина|translit=Bučanska rizanina}}) poznan tudi kot '''genocid v Buči''' ({{Jezik-uk|геноцид у Бучі}})<ref>{{Cite web|title="Воєнні злочини і геноцид в Бучі вимагають додаткових санкцій проти Росії": світ реагує на масові вбивства цивільних в Бучі|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/buch-henotsyd-rosiya-mizhnarodni-reaktsiyi/31784982.html|website=Радіо Свобода|date=2022-04-04|language=uk|accessdate=4 April 2022|archive-date=4 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404163525/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/buch-henotsyd-rosiya-mizhnarodni-reaktsiyi/31784982.html}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=НСЖУ закликає іноземні ЗМІ привертати увагу світу до геноциду в Бучі та Ірпені|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3447527-nszu-zaklikae-inozemni-zmi-privertati-uvagu-svitu-do-genocidu-v-buci-ta-irpeni.html|website=www.ukrinform.ua|date=2022-04-03|language=uk|accessdate=4 April 2022|archivedate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404072454/https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3447527-nszu-zaklikae-inozemni-zmi-privertati-uvagu-svitu-do-genocidu-v-buci-ta-irpeni.html}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Геноцид у Бучі: Україна зловила російських окупантів на брехні та розвінчала їхні фейки|url=https://apostrophe.ua/ua/news/society/accidents/2022-04-04/genotsid-v-buche-ukraina-poymala-rossiyskih-okkupantov-na-lji-i-razvenchala-ih-feyki/264861|website=Апостроф|date=2022-04-04|language=uk|accessdate=4 April 2022|archivedate=3 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403222927/https://apostrophe.ua/ua/news/society/accidents/2022-04-04/genotsid-v-buche-ukraina-poymala-rossiyskih-okkupantov-na-lji-i-razvenchala-ih-feyki/264861}}</ref> je bil množični pokol ukrajinskih civilistov in vojnih ujetnikov<ref>{{Navedi novice|last=Al-Hlou|first=Yousur|last2=Froliak|first2=Masha|last3=Khavin|first3=Dmitriy|last4=Koettl|first4=Christoph|last5=Willis|first5=Haley|last6=Cardia|first6=Alexander|last7=Reneau|first7=Natalie|last8=Browne|first8=Malachy|date=2022-12-22|title=Caught on Camera, Traced by Phone: The Russian Military Unit That Killed Dozens in Bucha|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/video/russia-ukraine-bucha-massacre-takeaways.html|accessdate=2022-12-24|page=4 min 54 s ff|issn=0362-4331|archivedate=24 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224170756/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/video/russia-ukraine-bucha-massacre-takeaways.html}}</ref> s strani [[Oborožene sile Ruske federacije|ruskih oboroženih sil]] med [[Bitka za Bučo|bitko za Bučo]] ter sledečo okupacijo mesta [[Buča (Ukrajina)|Buča]], ki je bila del [[Ruska invazija na Ukrajino|ruske invazije na Ukrajino]]. Po osvoboditvi Buče 1. aprila 2022 so se pojavili prvi (razen satelitskih posnetkov) fotofotografski in video dokazi o pokolu.<ref>{{Navedi splet|date=4 April 2022|title=Russia's Bucha 'Facts' Versus the Evidence|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/04/russias-bucha-facts-versus-the-evidence/|accessdate=20 April 2022|website=[[Bellingcat]]|language=en-GB|archivedate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404212140/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/04/russias-bucha-facts-versus-the-evidence/}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Буча. Разбираем российские версии|trans-title=Bucha. Parsing Russian versions|first=Maksim|last=Litavrin|date=5 April 2022|url=https://zona.media/article/2022/04/05/versions|accessdate=20 April 2022|website=Медиазона|language=ru|archivedate=8 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408085543/https://zona.media/article/2022/04/05/versions}}</ref> Ukrajina za pokol krivi Rusijo, Rusija pa Ukrajino. Zahodne analize satelitskih posnetkov kažejo na rusko krivdo, ruska stran pa posnetke označuje kot lažne. Ruske analize kažejo na ukrajinsko krivdo, nasprotna stran pa ruske posnetke označuje kot lažne.
 
Po podatkih lokalnih oblasti so v Buči našli 458 trupel, od tega 9 otrok mlajših od 18 let. 419 žrtev je bilo ubitih z orožjem, 39 pa naj bi umrlo zaradi naravnih vzrokov morda povezanih z okupacijo.<ref name="babel-ua">{{Navedi splet|date=8 August 2022|title=At least 458 Ukrainians died in the Bucha community as a result of the actions of the Russians|url=https://babel.ua/en/news/82626-at-least-458-ukrainians-died-in-the-bucha-community-as-a-result-of-the-actions-of-the-russians|accessdate=2022-09-13|website=babel.ua|language=en|archivedate=13 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913165047/https://babel.ua/en/news/82626-at-least-458-ukrainians-died-in-the-bucha-community-as-a-result-of-the-actions-of-the-russians}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi novice|date=8 August 2022|title=Accounting of bodies in Bucha nears completion|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/08/ukraine-bucha-bodies/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809120452/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/08/ukraine-bucha-bodies/|archivedate=9 August 2022|accessdate=2022-09-13|work=[[Washington Post]]|language=en}}</ref> Komisar [[Organizacija združenih narodov|OZN]] za človekove pravice je dokumentiral uboje najmanj 73 civilistov, več je bilo usmrčenih po kratkem postopku.<ref>{{Navedi poročilo|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation|title=The situation of human rights in Ukraine in the context of the armed attack by the Russian Federation, 24 February to 15 May 2022|date=29 June 2022|publisher=[[OHCHR]]|access-date=9 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702112851/https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/situation-human-rights-ukraine-context-armed-attack-russian-federation|archive-date=2 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="UN202212">{{Navedi splet|title=UN report details summary executions of civilians by Russian troops in northern Ukraine|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern|accessdate=2023-01-21|website=OHCHR|language=en|archivedate=26 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126141843/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/12/un-report-details-summary-executions-civilians-russian-troops-northern}}</ref>
Vrstica 9:
Po osvoboditvi Buče se je pojavilo več fotografij, na katerih so trupla civilistov postavljena v vrsto, z zvezanimi rokami in ustreljenimi od blizu.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Explained: What happened in Ukraine's Bucha, and was it 'genocide'?|first=Mira|last=Patel|location=Mumbai|date=7 April 2022|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-happened-in-bucha-ukraine-and-was-it-genocide-7854561/|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archivedate=6 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406000654/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-happened-in-bucha-ukraine-and-was-it-genocide-7854561/}}</ref> ''Radio Free Europe'' je poročal o uporabi kleti v mestu kot mučilnice.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Inside An 'Execution Cellar' In Ukraine|date=5 April 2022|first=Borys|last=Sachalko|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-execution-cellar/31787326.html|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|archivedate=7 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407203455/https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-execution-cellar/31787326.html}}</ref><ref name="BBC_toll">{{Navedi splet|date=16 May 2022|title=The children's camp that became an execution ground|first=Sarah|last=Rainsford|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61442387|website=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=16 May 2022|archivedate=16 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516063124/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61442387}}</ref> Več najdenih trupel je bilo pohabljenih in zažganih.<ref name="BBCN_Limaye">{{Navedi novice|last=Limaye|first=Yogita|date=11 April 2022|title=Ukraine conflict: 'Russian soldiers raped me and killed my husband'|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61071243|accessdate=4 May 2022|archivedate=7 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507021252/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61071243}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=In Bucha, Ukraine, burned, piled bodies among latest horrors|first=Oleksandr|last=Stashevskyi|first2=Cara|last2=Anna|date=6 April 2022|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bucha-ukraine-burned-piled-bodies-latest-horrors-83902341|accessdate=9 April 2022|website=[[ABC News]]|archivedate=6 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406044231/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/bucha-ukraine-burned-piled-bodies-latest-horrors-83902341}}</ref> Dekleta iz mesta (najmlajša stara 14 let) so poročala, da so jih ruski vojaki posilili.<ref name="BBCN_Limaye" /><ref>{{Navedi novice|title=Women and girls as young as 14 report being raped by Russian soldiers|first=Jimmy|last=Nsubuga|date=6 April 2022|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/russia-ukraine-war-rape-bucha-war-crimes-172831878.html|accessdate=9 April 2022|work=Yahoo! News|archivedate=6 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406230335/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/russia-ukraine-war-rape-bucha-war-crimes-172831878.html}}</ref> Ruski vojaki so v prestrezenih telefonskih pogovorih lov ljudi s seznamov, »filtriranje«, mučenje in usmrititve imenovali »''začistka''« (čiščenje).<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=How Russian Soldiers Ran a "Cleansing" Operation in Bucha, Ukraine|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/russian-soldiers-cleansing-operation-bucha-ukraine/|accessdate=2023-12-30|website=FRONTLINE|language=en-US}}</ref> Ukrajina je zaprosila [[Mednarodno kazensko sodišče]], naj v okviru preiskave invazije razišče, kaj se je zgodilo v Buči, da bi ugotovila, ali so bili storjeni [[Ruski vojni zločini|vojni zločini]] ali [[Zločin proti človeštvu|zločini proti človeštvu]].<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Retreat of Russian forces uncovers evidence of possible war crimes|date=3 April 2022|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-04-03/retreat-of-russian-forces-uncovers-evidence-of-possible-war-crimes.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404012900/https://english.elpais.com/international/2022-04-03/retreat-of-russian-forces-uncovers-evidence-of-possible-war-crimes.html|archivedate=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022|website=[[El País]]}}</ref><ref>{{Navedi splet|title=War Crimes Watch: Hard Path to Justice in Bucha, Ukraine, Atrocities|date=4 April 2022|first=Erika|last=Kinetz|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/bucha-ukraine-civilian-deaths-justice-tribunal-international-criminal-court/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202945/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/bucha-ukraine-civilian-deaths-justice-tribunal-international-criminal-court/|archivedate=7 April 2022|accessdate=5 April 2022|website=[[PBS|Frontline]]|publisher=PBS}}</ref>
 
Rusija je odgovornost zanikala in trdila, da je Ukrajina ali ponaredila posnetke ali poboje storila sama kot del operacije pod lažno zastavo.<ref>{{Navedi splet|title=Russia denies military forces killed Bucha civilians in Ukraine|date=4 April 2022|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/4/kremlin-rejects-accusation-russian-forces-killed-bucha-civilians|accessdate=8 April 2022|website=[[Al Jazeera English]]|archivedate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404113854/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/4/kremlin-rejects-accusation-russian-forces-killed-bucha-civilians}}</ref> Rusija je trdila, da so bili posnetki in fotografije trupel »predstava«.<ref name="retuters03">{{Navedi novice|work=[[Reuters]]|date=3 April 2022|title=Russia denies killing civilians in Ukraine's Bucha|publisher=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-denies-killing-civilians-ukraines-bucha-2022-04-03/|accessdate=4 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403212137/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-denies-killing-civilians-ukraines-bucha-2022-04-03/|archivedate=3 April 2022}}</ref> Trditve Rusije so različne skupine in medijske organizacije ovrgle kot lažne.{{Efn|Ovrgel jih je ''[[Bellingcat]]'',<ref name="Bellingcat 4 April"/> ''[[Deutsche Welle]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Fact check: Atrocities in Bucha not 'staged' |first1=Joscha |last1=Weber |first2=Kathrin |last2=Wesolowski |date=5 April 2022 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-atrocities-in-bucha-not-staged/a-61366129 |url-status=live |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202949/https://www.dw.com/en/fact-check-atrocities-in-bucha-not-staged/a-61366129 |archive-date=7 April 2022}}</ref>[[BBC]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 April 2022 |title=Bucha killings: Satellite image of bodies site contradicts Russian claims |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/60981238 |url-status=live |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407203106/https://www.bbc.com/news/60981238 |archive-date=7 April 2022}}</ref> ''[[Associated Press]]'',<ref name="AP NEWS 2022 FC">{{Cite web |title=Video does not show staged bodies in Bucha |first1=Arijeta |last1=Lajka |first2=Sophia |last2=Tulp |date=4 April 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-847134637960 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202946/https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-847134637960 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[AP News]]}}</ref> ''[[Agence France-Presse]]'',<ref name="AFP 2022 FC">{{Cite web |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |date=6 April 2022 |title=No, the discovery of bodies in Ukraine's Bucha was not 'staged' with 'actors' |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.327R8KF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202948/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.327R8KF |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP Fact Check]]}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]],<ref name="Amnesty_Bucha">{{cite news|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/05/ukraine-russian-forces-must-face-justice-for-war-crimes-in-kyiv-oblast--new-investigation/|title=Ukraine: Russian forces must face justice for war crimes in Kyiv Oblast|date=May 6, 2022|work=Amnesty International|author=|access-date=May 6, 2022|archive-date=6 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506090359/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/05/ukraine-russian-forces-must-face-justice-for-war-crimes-in-kyiv-oblast--new-investigation/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]''<ref name="NYT_satellite"/> in [[France24]]<ref name="Abreu 2022">{{cite web | last=de Abreu | first=Catalina Marchant | title=Truth or Fake - Debunking Russian claims that Bucha killings are staged | website=France 24 | date=4 April 2022 | url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/truth-or-fake/20220404-debunking-russian-claims-that-bucha-killings-are-staged | access-date=11 August 2022 | archive-date=11 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811200353/https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/truth-or-fake/20220404-debunking-russian-claims-that-bucha-killings-are-staged | url-status=live }}</ref>}} Prebivalci Buče so po ponovni vzpostavitvi ukrajinskega nadzora nad mestom v pričevanjih za poboje obtožili rusko vojsko.<ref name="Lee 2022">{{Navedi splet|last=Lee|first=Joseph|first2=Doug|last2=Faulkner|date=6 April 2022|title=Ukraine war: Bucha deaths 'not far short of genocide' – PM|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61011022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407114352/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-61011022|archivedate=7 April 2022|accessdate=6 April 2022|website=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="Reuters Russian retreat leaves trails"></ref><ref name="vottak2022"></ref> SatelitskiZahodni satelitski posnetki so pokazali trupla civilistov že med rusko okupacijo.<ref name=":5" />
 
== Ozadje ==