Ariane 5
Ariane 5 je evropska (francoska) težka nosilna raketa družine raket Ariane. Uporablja se večinoma za izstrelitev težkih tovorov v geostacionarno orbito (GSO), lahko pa tudi v nizkozemeljsko orbito (NZO). Izdeluje jih Astrium (družba skupine EADS), uporablja pa jih francoska agencija CNES (ESA). Na mednarodnem trgu jih trži podjetje Arianespace. Astrium gradi rakete v Evropi, izstreljuje pa se jih iz izstrelišča Kourou v Francoski Gvajani. Izstrelišče ima ugodno lego blizu ekvatorja, kar omogoča izstreljevanje precej težjih tovorov v GTO, kot npr. Bajkonur.
ESA je sprva načrtovala Ariane 5 za izstreljevanje mini raketoplana Hermes s človeško posadko.
Ariane 5 je nasledila raketo Ariane 4, od katere se razlikuje v veliko pogledih. Ariane 4 je uporabljala hipergolična goriva za prve dve stopnji, Ariane 5 pa potisnike "boosterje" na trda goriva in glavni motor Vulcain na vodik in tekoči kisik. Ariane 5 je precej bolj moderna in lahko izstreli skoraj 2-3x večji tovor.
Prva verzija Ariane 5 je bila "G" potem so se razvile še različica "G+", "GS", "ECA", in "ES".
Ariane 5 lahko izstreli dva satelita hkrati z uporabo sistema SYLDA (SYstème de Lancement Double Ariane). Možna je tudi izstrelitev treh satelitov (odvisno od dimenzij satelitov) s sistemom SPELTRA (Structure Porteuse Externe Lancement TRiple Ariane). Raketa lahko izstreli 8 sekundarnih tovorov (minisatelitov) s sistemom ASAP (Ariane Structure for Auxiliary Payloads)
Do leta 2007 je Arianespace naročila 99 Ariane 5 raket pri izdelovalci Astrium. [1] Ariane bo delovni konj Arianespace vsaj do leta 2015.
DelovanjeUredi
Dodatni potisniki na trdo gorivo (0-stopnja)Uredi
Na straneh rakete sta dva velika potisnika "boosterja" na trdo gorivo (fr. Étages d’Accélération à Poudre -EAP), ki proizvajata večino potiska ob vzletu. Vsak razvije 630 ton (6,2 MN) potiska. Kdaj se t stopnjo označuje kot - stopnja 0. Za razliko od SRB potisnikov na Space Shuttlu, se pri Ariane 5 ne ponovno uporabijo. Po navadi se potopijo na dno oceana, lahko pa imajo padala, da se jih lahko pozneje pregleda.
Francoska podmorniška balistična raketa M51 ICBM ima precej podobno tehnologijo trdogorivnih potisnikov.
Prva stopnjaUredi
Ariane 5 ima kriogenično prvo stopnjo H158 (H173 za Ariane 5 ECA), ki jo Francozi imenujejo EPC (Étage Principal Cryotechnique), kdaj tudi glavna stopnja. Ima velik 30,5 metrov visok rezervoar z dvema predeloma, enega za 130 ton tekočega kisika, drugega pa za 25 ton tekočega vodika. Motor Vulcain ima potisk 115 ton (1,13 MN). Masa prve stopnje brez goriva je 15 ton.
Druga stopnjaUredi
Druga stopnja je nameščena nad prvo in pod tovorom. Ariane 5G je uporabljala EPS (Étage à Propergols Stockables) gornjo stopnjo s hipergoličnimi gorivi. Ariane 5 ECA uporablja ESC (Étage Supérieur Cryotechnique) s kriogeničnimi gorivi vodik in kisik. EPS stopnja ima možnost več vžigov
KarakteristikeUredi
- Funkcija: težka nosilna raketa za enkratno uporabo
- Izdelovalec: Astrium za agencijo ESA in Arianespace
- Država: Evropa (Francija)
- Višina: 46–52 metrov (151–171 ft)
- Premer: 5,4 metrov (18 ft)
- Masa: 777 000 kilogramov (1 713 000 lb)
- Stopnje: 2
- Kapaciteta:
- V NZO 16 000 kg (G), 21000 kg (ES)
- V GTO 6200 kg (G), 6950 kg (G+), 6100 kg (GS9), 10500 kg (ECA)
- Status: v uporabi
- Izstrelišče: ELA-3, Francoska Gvajana (Kourou)
- Vseh izstrelitev: 72 (G: 16, G+: 3, GS: 6), (ECA: 43, ES: 4)
- Uspešne izstrelitve:68 (G: 13, G+: 3, GS: 6); (ECA: 42, ES: 4)
- Neuspešne izstreliteve: 2 (G: 1, ECA: 1)
- Delno uspešne izstrelitve: 2 (G)
- Prva izstrelitev: 4. junij 1996
- Pomembni tovori: Rosetta; Automated Transfer Vehicle; Herschel Space Observatory; Planck
Dodatni potisniki "boosterji" (Stopnja 0) - P230
- Število: 2
- Motorji: 1X na trdo gorivo
- Potisk: 6 470 kN vsak (1 450 000 lbf)
- Specifični impulz: 275 sekund (2,70 km/s)
- Čas delovanja: 129 sekund
- Gorivo: trdno
Prva stopnja (Ariane 5G)
- Motorji: 1x Vulcain
- Potisk: 1 114 kN (250 000 lbf)
- Specifični impulz: 430 sekund (4,2 km/s)
- Čas delovanja: 589 seconds
- Gorivo: (LH2/LOX) tekoči vodik in tekoči kisik
Prva stopnja (Ariane 5 ECA) - EPC (Étage Principal Cryotechnique, kriogenska stopnja)
- Motorji: 1X Vulcain 2
- Potisk: 1 340 kN (301 000 lbf)
- Specifični impulz: 431 sekund (4,23 km/s)
- Čas delovanja: 650 sekund
- Gorivo: (LH2/LOX) tekoči vodik in tekoči kisik
- Masa oksidatorja in goriva: Tekoči kisik: 133t/120m³; Tekoči vodik: 26t/390m³
Druga stopnja (Ariane 5G, Ariane 5ES)
- Motorji: 1x Aestus
- Potisk: 27,4 kN (6 160 lbf)
- Specifični impulz: 324 sekund (3,18 km/s)
- Čas delovanja: 1 100 sekund
- Gorivo: hipergolična kombinacija N2O4/MMH
Druga stopnja (Ariane 5 ECA)
- Motorji: 1X HM7-B
- Potisk: 64,7 kN (14 500 lbf)
- Specifični impulz: 446 sekund (4,37 km/s)
- Čas delovanja: 960 seconds
- Gorivo: (LH2/LOX) tekoči vodik in tekoči kisik
Izstrelitve raket Ariane 5Uredi
Datum & Čas (UTC) |
Izstrelitev (Vol) | Konfiguracija | Serijska številka | Tovor | Rezultat | # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996-06-04 12:34:06 | V-88[2] | 5G | 501 | Cluster | Neuspeh | 1 |
1997-10-30 13:43:00 | V-101 | 5G | 502 | MaqSat-H, TEAMSAT, MaqSat-B, YES | Delni neuspeh[3] | 2 |
1998-10-21 16:37:21 | V-112 | 5G | 503 | MaqSat 3, ARD | Uspeh | 3 |
1999-12-10 14:32:07 | V-119 | 5G | 504 | XMM-Newton | Uspeh | 4 |
2000-03-21 23:28:19 | V-128 | 5G | 505 | INSAT-3B, AsiaStar | Uspeh | 5 |
2000-09-14 22:54:07 | V-130 | 5G | 506 | Astra 2B, GE-7 | Uspeh | 6 |
2000-11-16 01:07:07 | V-135 | 5G | 507 | PAS-1R, Amsat P3D, STRV 1C, STRV 1D | Uspeh | 7 |
2000-12-20 00:26:00 | V-138 | 5G | 508 | Astra 2D, GE-8, LDREX | Uspeh | 8 |
2001-03-08 22:51:00 | V-140 | 5G | 509 | Eutelsat 28A, BSAT-2a | Uspeh | 9 |
2001-07-12 22:58:00 | V-142 | 5G | 510 | Artemis, BSAT-2b | Delni neuspeh[4] | 10 |
2002-03-01 01:07:59 | V-145 | 5G | 511 | Envisat | Uspeh | 11 |
2002-07-05 23:22:00 | V-153 | 5G | 512 | Stellat 5, N-Star c | Uspeh | 12 |
2002-08-28 22:45:00 | V-155 | 5G | 513 | Atlantic Bird 1, Meteosat 8 | Uspeh | 13 |
2002-12-11 22:22:00 | V-157 | 5ECA | 517 | Hot Bird 7, Stentor | Neuspeh[5] | 14 |
2003-04-09 22:52:19 | V-160 | 5G | 514 | INSAT-3A, Galaxy 12 | Uspeh | 15 |
2003-06-11 22:38:15 | V-161 | 5G | 515 | Optus and Defence C1, BSAT-2c | Uspeh | 16 |
2003-09-27 23:14:46 | V-162 | 5G | 516 | INSAT-3E, eBird 1, SMART-1 | Uspeh | 17 |
2004-03-02 07:17:44 | V-158 | 5G+ | 518 | Rosetta | Uspeh | 18 |
2004-07-18 00:44:00 | V-163 | 5G+ | 519 | Anik F2 | Uspeh | 19 |
2004-12-18 16:26:00 | V-165 | 5G+ | 520 | Helios 2A, Essaim 1, 2, 3, 4, PARASOL, Nanosat 01 | Uspeh | 20 |
2005-02-12 21:03:00 | V-164 | 5ECA | 521 | XTAR-EUR, Maqsat-B2, Sloshsat | Uspeh | 21 |
2005-08-11 08:20:00 | V-166 | 5GS | 523 | Thaicom 4 | Uspeh | 22 |
2005-10-13 22:32:00 | V-168 | 5GS | 524 | Syracuse 3A, Galaxy 15 | Uspeh | 23 |
2005-11-16 23:46:00 | V-167 | 5ECA | 522 | Spaceway F2, TELKOM-2 | Uspeh | 24 |
2005-12-21 22:33:00 | V-169 | 5GS | 525 | INSAT-4A, Meteosat 9 | Uspeh | 25 |
2006-03-11 22:32:50 | V-170 | 5ECA | 527 | Spainsat, Hot Bird 7A | Uspeh[6] | 26 |
2006-05-26 21:09 | V-171 | 5ECA | 529 | Satmex 6, Thaicom 5 | Uspeh[7] | 27 |
2006-08-11 22:15 | V-172 | 5ECA | 531 | JCSAT-10, Syracuse 3B | Uspeh[8] | 28 |
2006-10-13 20:56:00 | V-173 | 5ECA | 533 | DirecTV-9S, Optus D1, LDREX-2 | Uspeh[9] | 29 |
2006-12-08 22:08:00 | V-174 | 5ECA | 534 | WildBlue 1, AMC-18 | Uspeh[10] | 30 |
2007-03-11 22:03 | V-175 | 5ECA | 535 | Skynet 5A, INSAT-4B | Uspeh[11] | 31 |
2007-05-04 22:29 | V-176 | 5ECA | 536 | Astra 1L, Galaxy 17 | Uspeh[12] | 32 |
2007-08-14 23:44 | V-177 | 5ECA | 537 | Spaceway-3, BSAT-3A | Uspeh[13] | 33 |
2007-10-05 22:02 | V-178 | 5GS | 526 | Intelsat 11, Optus D2 | Uspeh[14] | 34 |
2007-11-14 22:06 | V-179 | 5ECA | 538 | Skynet 5B, Star One C1 | Uspeh[15] | 35 |
2007-12-21 21:41 | V-180 | 5GS | 530 | RASCOM-QAF 1, Horizons-2 | Uspeh[16] | 36 |
2008-03-09 04:03 | V-181 | 5ES | 528 | ATV-1 "Jules Verne" | Uspeh[17] | 37 |
2008-04-18 22:17 | V-182 | 5ECA | 539 | Star One C2, Vinasat-1 | Uspeh[18] | 38 |
2008-06-12 22:05 | V-183 | 5ECA | 540 | Turksat 3A, Skynet 5C | Uspeh[19] | 39 |
2008-07-07 21:47 | V-184 | 5ECA | 541 | Badr-6, ProtoStar I | Uspeh[20] | 40 |
2008-08-14 20:44 | V-185 | 5ECA | 542 | AMC-21, Superbird 7 | Uspeh[21] | 41 |
2008-12-20 22:35 | V-186 | 5ECA | 543 | Eutelsat W2M, Hot Bird 9 | Uspeh[22] | 42 |
2009-02-12 22:09 | V-187 | 5ECA | 545 | Hot Bird 10, NSS-9, Spirale A, Spirale B | Uspeh[23] | 43 |
2009-05-14 13:12 | V-188 | 5ECA | 546 | Herschel, Planck | Uspeh[24] | 44 |
2009-07-01 19:52 | V-189 | 5ECA | 547 | TerreStar-1 | Uspeh[25] | 45 |
2009-08-21 22:09 | V-190 | 5ECA | 548 | JCSAT-12, Optus D3 | Uspeh[26] | 46 |
2009-10-01 21:59 | V-191 | 5ECA | 549 | Amazonas 2, COMSATBw-1 | Uspeh[27] | 47 |
2009-10-29 20:00 | V-192 | 5ECA | 550 | NSS-12, Thor 6 | Uspeh[28] | 48 |
2009-12-18 16:26 | V-193 | 5GS | 532 | Helios 2B | Uspeh[29] | 49 |
2010-05-21 22:01 | V-194 | 5ECA | 551 | Astra 3B, COMSATBw-2 | Uspeh[30] | 50 |
2010-06-26 21:41 | V-195 | 5ECA | 552 | Arabsat-5A, COMS-1 | Uspeh[31] | 51 |
2010-08-04 20:59 | V-196 | 5ECA | 554 | Nilesat 201, RASCOM-QAF 1R | Uspeh[32] | 52 |
2010-10-28 21:51 | V-197 | 5ECA | 555 | Eutelsat W3B, BSAT-3b | Uspeh[33] | 53 |
2010-11-26 18:39 | V-198 | 5ECA | 556 | Intelsat 17, HYLAS 1 | Uspeh[34] | 54 |
2010-12-29 21:27 | V-199 | 5ECA | 557 | Koreasat 6, HispaSat-1E | Uspeh[35] | 55 |
2011-02-16 21:50 | V-200 | 5ES | 544 | ATV-2 "Johannes Kepler" | Uspeh[36] | 56 |
2011-04-22 21:37 | VA-201 | 5ECA | 558 | Yahsat 1A, Intelsat New Dawn | Uspeh[37] | 57 |
2011-05-20 20:38 | VA-202 | 5ECA | 559 | ST-2, GSAT-8 | Uspeh[38] | 58 |
2011-08-06 22:52 | VA-203 | 5ECA | 560 | Astra 1N, BSAT 3c | Uspeh[39] | 59 |
2011-09-21 21:38 | VA-204 | 5ECA | 561 | Arabsat 5C, SES-2 | Uspeh[40] | 60 |
2012-03-23 04:34 | VA-205 | 5ES | 553 | ATV-3 "Edoardo Amaldi" | Uspeh[41] | 61 |
2012-05-15 22:13 | VA-206 | 5ECA | 562 | JCSAT-13, Vinasat-2 | Uspeh[42] | 62 |
2012-07-05 21:36 | VA-207 | 5ECA | 563 | EchoStar XVII, MSG-3 | Uspeh[43] | 63 |
2012-08-02 20:54 | VA-208 | 5ECA | 564 | INTELSAT 20, HYLAS 2 | Uspeh[44] | 64 |
2012-09-28 21:18 | VA-209 | 5ECA | 565 | Astra 2F, GSAT-10 | Uspeh[45] | 65 |
2012-11-10 21:05 | VA-210 | 5ECA | 566 | Eutelsat 21B, Star One C3 | Uspeh[46] | 66 |
2012-12-19 21:49 | VA-211 | 5ECA | 567 | Skynet 5D, MEXSAT-3 | Uspeh[47] | 67 |
2013-02-07 21:36 | VA-212 | 5ECA | 568 | Amazonas-3, Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a | Uspeh[48] | 68 |
2013-06-05 21:52 | VA-213 | 5ES | 592 | ATV-4 "Albert Einstein" | Uspeh[49] | 69 |
2013-07-25 19:54 | VA-214 | 5ECA | 569 | Alphasat I-XL, INSAT-3D | Uspeh[50] | 70 |
2013-08-29 20:30 | VA-215 | 5ECA | 570 | Eutelsat 25B / Es'hail 1, GSAT-7 | Uspeh[51] | 71 |
2014-02-06 21:30 | VA-217 | 5ECA | 572 | ABS-2, Athena-Fidus | Uspeh[52] | 72 |
SkliciUredi
- ↑ "Ariane 5 milestones". Arianespace. 2008.
- ↑ "V88 Ariane 501" (v francoščini). 1997.
- ↑ "Ariane 502—Results of detailed data analysis". ESA. 1998-04-08.
- ↑ "Ariane Launch Report: Ariane 5 failure investigation focuses on upper stage". Spaceflight Now. 2001-07-13.
- ↑ "Arianespace releases initial information on Flight 157". ESA. 2002-12-12.
- ↑ "First Ariane launch of 2006". ESA. 2006-03-12.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 ECA carries record payload mass to GTO". ESA. 2006-05-28.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 launches two telecommunications satellites". ESA. 2006-08-12.
- ↑ "Fourth Ariane 5 launch of 2006". ESA. 2006-10-16.
- ↑ "Fifth Ariane 5 launch completes a busy year". ESA. 2006-12-09.
- ↑ "First Ariane 5 launch of 2007". ESA. 2007-03-12.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 – second launch of six in 2007". ESA. 2007-05-05.
- ↑ "Arianespace boosts SPACEWAY 3 and BSAT-3a into orbit". Arianespace. August 14, 2007.
- ↑ "Arianespace boosts Intelsat 11 and Optus D2 into orbit". Arianespace. October 5, 2007.
- ↑ "Ariane 5—fifth launch of six in 2007". ESA. 2007-11-15.
- ↑ "Sixth successful Arianespace mission in 2007: RASCOM-QAF1 and Horizons-2 in orbit". Arianespace. December 21, 2007.
- ↑ "Mission Accomplished! Arianespace launches Jules Verne ATV to the International Space Station". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Arianespace orbits Star One C2 and VINASAT-1: Second successful launch in 2008". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Successful dual launch for Arianespace: Skynet 5C and Turksat 3A in orbit; 25th successful launch in a row for Ariane 5". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Another successful Arianespace launch: ProtoStar I and BADR-6 are in orbit". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Another successful Arianespace launch: Superbird-7 and AMC-21 in orbit". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Two Eutelsat satellites are orbited by Arianespace on Ariane 5's 28th consecutive mission success". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 begins 2009 with another successful launch at Arianespace's service". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Arianespace launches two spacecraft on missions to explore the universe". Arianespace.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 soars to another heavy-lift success in lofting the TerreStar-1 mobile communications satellite". July 1, 2009.
- ↑ "Ariane 5's fourth launch of 2009 orbits the JCSAT-12 and Optus D3 payloads for two key Arianespace Asian-Pacific customers". August 21, 2009.
- ↑ "Another Arianespace launch success and a new commercial record for Ariane 5". Arianespace. October 1, 2009.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 delivers the NSS-12 and THOR 6 television broadcast satellites on Arianespace's sixth mission of 2009". Arianespace. October 29, 2009.
- ↑ "Arianespace delivers Helios 2B into Sun-synchronous polar orbit on Ariane 5's seventh flight of 2009". Arianespace. December 18, 2009.
- ↑ "Arianespace's double success: 50th Ariane 5 mission, 36th successful launch in a row—ASTRA 3B and COMSATBw-2 in orbit". Arianespace. May 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Mission accomplished! Arianespace orbits Arabsat-5A and COMS". Arianespace. June 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Arianespace Flight 196 orbits satellites for Africa and the Middle East". Arianespace. August 4, 2010.
- ↑ "Arianespace orbits satellites for Eutelsat and B-SAT". Arianespace. October 28, 2010.
- ↑ "Arianespace orbits INTELSAT 17 and HYLAS 1". Arianespace. November 26, 2010.
- ↑ "Arianespace 6 for 6 in 2010: Last mission of the year orbits Hispasat 1E and Koreasat 6". Arianespace. December 29, 2010.
- ↑ "Mission accomplished! ATV2 cargo vessel en route for the International Space Station". Arianespace. February 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch a success: Yahsat Y1A and Intelsat New Dawn in orbit". Arianespace. April 22, 2011.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch for Asia and India ST-2 and GSAT-8 satellites in orbit". Arianespace. May 20, 2011.
- ↑ "A boost for direct broadcast satellites: ASTRA 1N and BSAT-3c/JCSAT-110R in orbit". Arianespace. August 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch a success: Arabsat 5C and SES-2 in orbit". Arianespace. September 21, 2011.
- ↑ "Mission accomplished! Arianespace launches ATV Edoardo Amaldi cargo vessel to the International Space Station". Arianespace. March 23, 2012.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 ECA rocket orbits JCSAT-13 and VINASAT-2". Arianespace. May 15, 2012.
- ↑ "Ariane launches communications, weather satellites". spacetoday.net. July 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch a success: Ariane 5 ECA orbits INTELSAT 20 and HYLAS 2 satellites". Arianespace. August 2, 2012.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch a success: Ariane 5 ECA orbits Astra 2F and GSAT-10 satellites". Arianespace. September 28, 2012.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch a success: Ariane 5 ECA orbits Eutelsat 21B and Star One C3 satellites". Arianespace. November 10, 2012.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 ECA orbits Skynet 5D and Mexsat Bicentenario satellites: 10 years of success, 10 tons of performance, 10 launches in 2012". Arianespace. December 19, 2012.
- ↑ "Ariane 5 delivers a record payload and completes back-to-back successes for Arianespace's launcher family". Arianespace. February 7, 2013.
- ↑ "Mission accomplished! Arianespace launches ATV4 Albert Einstein cargo vessel to the International Space Station". Arianespace. June 5, 2013.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch VA214: Mission accomplished! Ariane 5 ECA orbits Alphasat and INSAT-3D". Arianespace. July 25, 2013.
- ↑ "Arianespace delivers! EUTELSAT 25B/Es'hail 1 and GSAT-7 are orbited by Ariane 5". Arianespace. August 29, 2013.
- ↑ "Arianespace launch VA 217: Mission accomplished! Ariane 5 ECA orbits ABS-2 and Athena Fidus". Arianespace. February 6, 2014.
Zunanje povezaveUredi
- Ariane 5 Overview at Arianespace
- Ariane 5 Programme Information Arhivirano 2012-01-19 na Wayback Machine. at Astrium