De Havilland Comet
de Havilland DH 106 Comet je prvo proizvodno reaktivno potniško letalo. Razvili in izdelovali so ga pri britanski letalski firmi de Havilland. Prvič je poletelo leta 1949. Poganjali so ga štirje turboreaktivni motorji Rolls-Royce Nene. Imelo je aerodinamičen trup z motorji nameščeni v krilo, presurizirano potniško kabino in velika kvadratna okna. Za svoj čas je imel udobno, tiho kabino.
| DH 106 Comet | |
|---|---|
 | |
| British European Airways (BEA) Comet 4B na Berlin Tempelhof Airport v letu1969 | |
| Vloga | Ozkotrupno potniško letalo jet airliner |
| Proizvajalec/-ci | de Havilland |
| Krstni polet | 27.julij 1949 |
| Predstavljen | 2. maj 1952 z BOAC |
| Upokojen | 14. marec 1997 (Comet 4C XS235) |
| Status | Upokojen |
| Glavni uporabniki | BOAC British European Airways Dan-Air Royal Air Force |
| Število izdelanih | 114 (z prototipi) |
| Cena enote | Comet 1: £275,000 (1952) |
| Izpeljanke | Hawker Siddeley Nimrod |
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Vse je kazalo na komercialni uspeh, dokler niso trije razpadli v zraku zaradi utrujenosti materiala. To področje v takratnem času ni bilo dobro raziskano, sprva so domnevali, da je bilo krivo vreme. Drugi proizvajalci so se iz teh nesreč veliko naučili, spreminili so obliko oken v ovalno, uvedli strukturne izboljšave, uvedli nove bolj odporne materiale.
Po teh nesrečah so izboljšali letalo v Comet 2, Comet 3 in na koncu leta 1958 Comet 4, ki je imel 30 let dolgo proizvodnjo. Največja modifikacija je letalo za patruliranje morja Hawker Siddeley Nimrod, ki je ostal v uporabi do leta 2011, 60 let po prvem let Cometa.
Tehnične specifikacije uredi
| Comet 1 | Comet 2 | Comet 3 | Comet 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posadka | 4 (2 pilota, inženir in radio operater/navigator) | |||
| Število potnikov | 36–44 | 36–44 | 58–76 | |
| Dolžina | 93 ft (28 m) | 96 ft 1 in (29,29 m) | 111 ft 6 in (33,99 m) | 111 ft 6 in (33,99 m) |
| Razpopn kril | 115 ft (35 m)[1][2] | |||
| Višina | 29 ft 6 in (8,99 m)[1] | |||
| Površina kril | 2.015 sq ft (187,2 m2)[3] | 2.015 sq ft (187,2 m2)[3] | 2.015 sq ft (187,2 m2)[3] | 2.121 sq ft (197,0 m2)[1] |
| Profil krila | NACA 63A116 mod root, NACA 63A112 mod tip[4] | |||
| Maks. Vzletna teža | 110.000 lb (50.000 kg)[3] | 120.000 lb (54.000 kg)[3] | 150.000 lb (68.000 kg)[3] | 156.000 lb (71.000 kg)[1] |
| Dolet | 1.500 mi (1.300 nmi; 2.400 km) | 2.600 mi (2.300 nmi; 4.200 km) | 2.700 mi (2.300 nmi; 4.300 km) | |
| Potovalna hitrost | 740 km/h (400 kn; 460 mph)[3] | 790 km/h (430 kn; 490 mph)[2] | 840 km/h (450 kn; 520 mph)[2] | 840 km/h (450 kn; 520 mph)[5] |
| Višina leta | 42.000 ft (13.000 m)[3] | 42.000 ft (13.000 m)[2] | 45.000 ft (14.000 m)[2] | 42.000 ft (13.000 m)[6] |
| Motorji (x 4) | Halford H.2 Ghost 50 turbojets: 5.000 lbf (22.000 N)[3] | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk 503/504 7.000 lbf (31.000 N)[3] | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk 502/521 turbojets: 10.000 lbf (44.000 N)[7] | Rolls-Royce Avon Mk 524 10.500 lbf (47.000 N)[5] |
Sources: Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66,[6] De Havilland Aircraft since 1909,[8] and Flight International.[3][7][9][1][2][5]
Sklici in reference uredi
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 "Comet 4C: More Payload on Medium Stages." Flight International, 15 November 1957, p. 764. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 "Transport Aircraft – 1955." Flight International, 11 March 1955, p. 337. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 "Commercial Aircraft 1953: De Havilland Comet." Flight International, 6 March 1953. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ↑ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage." Arhivirano 2011-07-19 na Wayback Machine. UIUC Applied Aerodynamics Group, 15 September 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 "The De Havilland Aircraft Co., Ltd." Flight International, 30 August 1957, p. 302. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Taylor 1965, pp. 153–154.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 "The New Comet." Flight International, 30 July 1954, p. 132. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ↑ Jackson 1987, p. 464.
- ↑ Flight, 28 March 1958, pp. 422–423.
Zunanje povezave uredi
- "The Comet Emerges" a 1949 Flight article on the unveiling of the Comet prototype
- "Comet in the Sky" a 1949 Flight article on the Comet's maiden flight
- The de Havilland Comet in RCAF Service Arhivirano 2010-12-06 na Wayback Machine.
- "Comet Construction Methods" a 1951 Flight article
- "The Tale of the Comet" a 1952 Flight article on the design and development of the Comet
- "Conversion to Comets" a 1953 Flight article on the Comet's handling
- "Comet Engineering" a 1953 Flight article by Bill Gunston
- "The Comet Accidents: History of Events," a 1954 Flight article of Sir Lionel Heald's summary of the enquiry
- "Report of the Comet Inquiry", a 1955 Flight article on the publishing of the enquiry into the Comet design
- Project Comet Arhivirano 2012-10-01 na Wayback Machine. Documentary produced by Full Focus
- "The Comet is Twenty" a 1969 Flight article
- "Jet Transport's Next 40 Years" a 1989 Flight article on the Comet's influence